The. The Simao Balanophora And Chemical Composition Of The Flower Spikes Balanophora,

Balanophora simaoensis S.Y. Chang and Balanophora spicata Hayata belong to the genus Balanophora of family Balanophoraceae. They are parasitic plants, growing on the terminal roots of host plants, such as Macarandra, Hibiscus and Coffea, and being widely distributed through out southern regions in China. Their whole plants have traditionally been used as folk medicine for tonic, hemastatic and antipyretic agents. Furthermore, the B. simaoensis was still widely employed in clinical practice for the treatment of hepatits and tumor. Since neither chemical nor pharmacological study had been reported, their cilinical usage was limited. we used the science method to study their chemical constituents and biological activity. 1. Thirty-three compounds were isolated, purified and identified from the EtOH extracts of Balanophora simaoensis and Balanophora spicata, including 13 triterpenoids or steroids, 7 phenylpropanoids, 6 flavonoids, 4 phenolic acids, 2 iridoidses and 2 other type compounds. These compounds were identified as follow: balanophorin A (V₁),balanophorin B (V₂),β-amyrin acetate (V₃),β-amyrin stearate (V₄),lupeopl acetate (V₅),β-amyrone (V₆),β-amyrin (V₇),β-sitosterol (V₈),lupeopl (V₉),Monogynol A 3-palmitate (V₁₀),palmitic acid (V₁₁),Monogynol A (V₁₂),ellagic acid (V₁₃),lupeone (V₁₄),coumaril acid (V₁₅),caffeic acid (V₁₆),gallic acid (V₁₇),4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl coniferyl aldehyde (V₁₈),brevifolin (V₁₉),Shanzhioside methyl ester(V₂₀),butylconiferin (V₂₁),caffeic acid ethyl ester ( V₂₂ ),(8S, 7′R, 8′R)-isolariciresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( V₂₃ ),kaempferol ( V₂₄ ),methylconiferin ( V₂₅ ),geniposide ( V₂₆ ),daucosterol ( W₁ ),Naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( W₂ ),catechin ( W₃ ),(+)-pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( W₄ ),1-O-( E )-caffeoyl -3 – O – galloyl -β-D-glucopyranose ( W₅ ),quercimeritrin ( W₆ ),quercetin ( W₇ ). Among the thirty-three compounds, V₁₀,V₂₁ and V₂₃ were new compounds. Furthermore, the V₁₂,V₁₃,V₁₉,V₂₀,V₂₄,V₂₆,W₂,W₃,W₄,W₆ and W₇ were isolated from the plants of genus Balanophora for the first time. 2. The HPLC methods were established to analysis three phenolic acids and one flavonoid in the plants of B. simaoensis and B. spicata. Meanwhile, we also studied other three species plants of this genus. 3. The difference of chemical constituents in different species was studied by the method of TLC chromatograph and HPLC chromatograph fingerprint. The result showed that in all the five species plants, the low polar constituents were very similar, and there was some difference between the polar constituents, this result provided a scientific support that they should be differently usded in clinic. 4. The stability of phenolic compounds was studied, and the result showed the pH value was important in all the factors of temperature, air and pH value 5. Bioassay test of antitumor activities on the EtOH extracts of B. simaoensis and B. spicata showed that the B. simaoensis had the activity of inhibiting HCT-8, A549 and transplantable H22 hepatoma in mice. 6. The compound Naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside had the activity against hepatitic virus. 7. Some compounds from B. simaoensis and B. spicata had the activity against free radical.