Research On Fermentation Activation Of Ultra-Fine Phosphate Rock Powder And Its Crop Effect

In view of the current situation of the prominent contradictions between the shortage ofhigh content of total phosphorus and increase for resource utilization of phosphate rock inChina, in order to make full use of the low content of total phosphorus and make it meetneeds of the actual requirements of the industrial development of phosphorus fertilizer;Moreover, although some research results showed that the mixture of the ordinary phosphaterock powder and activating materials contributed to the rise of available phosphate, theresearch on the relationships between the increase of available phosphate and some influencefactors such as mixture ratio, fermentation time, different organic materials and thefermentation temperature, pH, the content of organic matter and humic acid as well asdiameter of the ultra-fine phosphate rock powder still no relevant literature was reported.Therefore, the attempts to improve the effectiveness of the ultra-fine phosphate rock powderare performed by fermenting the different ratio mixture of ultra-fine phosphate rock powderand activator, the objectives are to determine the optimum fermentation temperature, optimumfermentation time, optimum mixture ratio and the optimum organic activator. On the basis ofthese analyses, the influence factors of the available phosphate and the multiple correlationanalysis are carried out. Finally, the effect examinations are performed by field tests. Thus, itcan provide the new technological approaches, theory support and experimental data foreffective use of the low and middle content of total phosphorus.The ultra-fine phosphate rock powder adopt ordinary phosphorite powder to make deepprocessing, thus its diameter became smaller. We called it as ultra-fine phosphate rock powderbecause its diameter only is1/4to1/8of the ordinary phosphorite powder by grinding. Theavailable phosphate was increased by grinding ordinary phosphorite powder for destroying itslattice during this grinding process.The research is mainly performed from the following several aspects in this paper.1. The influences of available phosphate by grinding the micro-phosphate rock powderand different fermentation temperature treatments.2. Research on activation effect and their influence factors with livestock manure, thelees containing organic acid from winery factory,weathered coal containing humid acid andmicro-phosphate rock powder on the condition of no MV bacteria. 3. Research on activation effect and its influence factors with bacteria andmicro-phosphate rock powder or the mixture of bacteria and sheep manure, lees, weatheredcoal and micro-phosphate rock powder.4. Research on activation effect and its influence factors with furural residue andmicro-phosphate rock powder.5. Research on crop effect of single crop and continuous two crops by field experiments.By above researches, results indicate as follows:1. With the ultra-fine phosphate rock powder's diameter decrease, the specific surfaceareas become larger. Thus the available P increases. Compared with the diameter50μmphosphate rock powder PA,the available P of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder PB(38μm)and PC(18μm) increased16%and57%respectively.2. The available P of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder added same amountlees,weathered coal increased with the fermentation temperature rising during the two days in25℃,30℃,35℃respectively. but the temperature30℃and35℃have no significance forpromoting available P; The available P of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder increasedaccording to the fermentation treatments MV bacteria increased concentration in30℃,35days and specific water content.3. The available P of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder increased with the treatmentsadding more amount lees,sheep manure and weathered coal and the peak of the increasedavailable P became short in time, which exhibited as the treatments ratio of1:1and1:2were25days and1:3were15-20days.The best increased available P of the ultra-fine phosphaterock powder treatments with different amount furfural residue happened in fermentation15-20days. Lees and furfural residue were better activation materials for rising available P,then was weathered coal and the last was sheep manure.4. The changed trend of increased available P and pH,humic aicd for every treatmentwas different,but,when the increased available P of the treatments came peak,pH of thetreatments kept6.24-7.8; The higher content of humic acid in every treatment helped moreavailable P increasing. Under the fermentation treatments, the available P rised with the unitquantity ultra-fine phosphate rock powder's organic matter increased.5.The correlation relationship analysis of the increased available P content andpH,organic matter,humic acid under the lees activator showed that the available P contentincreased with the3variables of pH, humic acid,organic matter increased, organic mattermost close correlation with the increased available P content, pH was the second, and the last was humic acid; The correlation relationship analysis under the weathered coal activatorshowed that the available P content increased with humic acid,organic matter increased andpH decreased,the absolute variable coefficient value of the three variables werecontribution similar, but organic matter was the best close correlation, pH value is thesecond and humic acid was last; The correlation analysis under furfural residue as activatorshowed that the available P content increased with the3variables of pH, humic acid,organicmatter increased, organic matter most close correlation with the increased available P content,humic acid was the second, and the last was pH.6. Growth and development of soybean with the fermentation ultra-fine phosphate rockpowder treatments matched the treatment of calcium superphosphate. The fermentationultra-fine phosphate rock powder treatments increased the yield of soybean in weight ofsoybean pods and the100grain. The treatments of PC:(J1:1)26g and PC:J:F(1:1:1)39g wereequal to the treatment of calcium superphosphate in dry weight,but were less than wet weight.The available P of the soil with the different fermentation ultra-fine phosphate rock powdertreatment was lower content in comparation of the treatment of calcium superphosphate butcould keep a stable amount.7. The crop effect on the two crops of garlic and corn with the treatments of ultra-finephosphate rock powder in pot trial showed that the treatments had no difference for garlic andcorn growth and development respectively in seeding stage, when the crops grew, theyshowed different. The treatments of PC:J(1:1)40g and PC:J:F(1:1:1)60g matched thetreatment of calcium superphosphate in growth and yield components. Other fermentationultra-fine phosphate rock powder treatments were better than the treatment of commonultra-fine phosphate rock powder, but were worse than the treatment of calciumsuperphosphate in growth and yield.