| Solidgo canadensis is a external invasion plant in China. It has high vitality, proliferates quickly, already growth in many places, and its damage was very seriously. In order to control its overspread, eliminate and use it effectively, The allelopathy, water physiology, chemical preventing and controlling, biological preventing and controlling, The plant restortion and comprehensive utilization several aspects were studied.Basing on The analysis and summary of literatures, The problems about The study of S. canadensis were put out. I Its basic physiological habit was not understood. II The influence of water on its growth was not reported. â…¢ There were few literatures about The influence of insect on it. â…£ WheaTher or not to control it by microorganism, how to use? V How to prenevting and control S. canadensis effectively? There was not unification standard. VI How was The plant restoration after using The chemical herbicide to kill The S. canadensis in our country Yangtze River.The allelopathy of root and stem and leaf to oTher seven plants were studied. The results showed that The stock solution of vat liquor of stem and leaf suppressed The seed germinates, The growth of stem of germinated seed of five plants, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Indigofera amblyantha, Medicago sativa, Dichondra repen. It was not obvious effect on The seed germination of Gassiu surattensis. It promoted The growth of root ofLolium perenne. It suppressed The growths of The root of Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa, Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia pseudoacacia. The diluted solution of The stock solution of vat liquor of stem and leaf suppressed The germination and growth of Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia pseudoacacia and Medicago sativa, suppressed The germination of Indigofera amblyantha and Lolium perenne, but was not obvious on The Festuca arundinace. The solution of dilute4times of The stock solution of vat liquor of stem and leaf promoted The germination and growth of root of Lolium perenne, but suppressed The growth of stem of Lolium perenne.The stock solution of vat liquor of root promoted The germination of Dichondra repens, but suppressed The growth of stem and root of Dichondra repens. It promoted The germination and growth of Robinia pseudoacacia. It promoted The growth of stem and root of Medicago sativa, but The solution of dilute1times and The stock solution of vat liquor of root suppressed The germination of M. sativa, The solution of dilute2,3,4times of The stock solution of vat liquor of root promoted The germaination of M. sativa.Solidgo canadensis was very sensitive to The water. The lacks of water affected its growth seriously. The water shortage decreased The contents of chlorophyll, The light energy captured by chlorophyll, The efficiencies of light energy transform and transferring, The photosynThesis rate. So The energy fixed by plant reduced. At The same time, The leaf was wilting, The stem point curved, The color of leaf became yellow. The plants were dead after13days without watering.Solidgo canadensis could endure long time water flooding. The plant was better than The control plant after15days water flooding. The contents of chlorophyll, The light energy transferring, photosynthic electron effiency, net photosynThesis rate, biomass and The net height increased.After The experiments in The lab and in The field, several strong elimination effect chemical herbicide were selected, fluroxypyr(Shanghai Qin Standing grain Limited company to produce, active element fluroxypyr)500times of fluids or higher density, Suifometuron-methyl(10percent), rsenal-SL(25percent). In order to kill Solidgo canadensis100percent, The times shoud be over11weeks after use. Considering The sensitivity of S. canadensis to hydropenia, The best time for using those chemical herbicide was high temperature, intensity light, short of water. Although The early spring seedling was weak to The chemical herbicide, The water content of soil was vey high.It was not suitable for The use of chemical herbicide.The best time for using chemical herbicide was The end of July to beginning of August.The experiments of using sclerotinia minor and fluroxypyr showed that The athogenicity of sclerotinia minor to Solidgo canadensis was strong. The time from use to invasion was only one month, and its kill rate was83percent. So it could be used in The preventing and controlling S. canadensis as one of The measures. It was very difficult to kill all plant in The samples using sclerotinia minor. On The oTher hand, The transportation portable and The use conveniences must be considered in order to use in The field.So The culture of sclerotinia minor must be optimized. Throught The culture and infect experiment, The best The culture medium was filtered out, hull75percent and wheat bran25percent. The hypha on it was long and grow quickly, and The mumber was more.The best impregnation effect to Solidgo canadensis was The leaf dipping in The solution of gyph. The better is The wet leaf. Considering The use sutible in The field, spurting The solution containing The hypha was The best methods for impregnation The leaf of Solidgo canadensis. The experiment in The filed showed that The hypha solution and fluroxypyr500times could kill The Solidgo canadensis, and The death ratio reached98percent. But The The hypha density and its store time should be studied for furTher.The death ratio of plants in The samples treated with hree kinds of concentration ofmetsulfuron-methyl,fluroxypyr and iso-propylglyphosate for35days were vey high, but could not kill all plants. The samples only few plants were The samples treated with Metsulfuron-methyl250times, fluroxypyr500times, fluroxypyr250times, fluroxypyr100times. The differences of The species, The numbers and The biodiversity among The samples were obvious among those samples. The plant coverage of samples treated with iso-propylglyphosate200times, iso-propylglyphosate50times were higher, and The kinds of plants were more, more than10speces, and number of individuals were more, more than110per square meter. The coverage of samples treated with250times and fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr250times, fluroxypyr100times were only about0.1, The specices number were4, number of individuals were few, only among20and30per square meter. The difference between biodiversity index of treatments and control were obvious and increased.The experiment and The investigation indicated that, Americas aster, The wormwood, The green bristlegrass, The goosegrass can resist The allelopathy of Solidgo canadensis. They grow very well in The community of S. canadensis. After treated with chemical herbicide, The10kinds of vanward plant invading The community of S. canadensis were endive, Rhizoma cyperi, Euphorbia humifusa, The Americas aster, The wormwood, The green bristlegrass, The goosegrass, itchi chinensis grass,The Ipomoea purpurea, sorrel-dock, which were not sensitivy to The allelopathy of Solidgo canadensis.Severl preventing and controlling measures were put out basing on The experiment results and literature, agricultural measure preventing and controlling(duplicate ploughs and plants crops),chemistry preventing and controlling (proposed The kinds, concentration and The use time of herbicide), microorganism preventing and controlling (The specific measures of sclerotinia minor), insect preventing and controlling (proposed screening specific sexual root insectivorous) and The synThesis prevents and controls IPM (to carry on preventing and controlling in view of concrete region many kinds of method comprehensive utilization).The reasons for low utilization of Solidgo canadensis were summarized, and They were analyzed based on The technical, The scale, The people psychology, The existence risk and so on several aspects. After The Solidgo canadensis was under The control, The comprehensive utilization methods were put out, medicinal use, use as The feed, pulping, restoration plant for copper debris, cultivation for edible fungus, The landscape plant in The landscape and architehcture.
|
PDF Full Text Request