Research On Principles And Modes Of Ecological Restoration Of The Water Transfer Canal Project

The South-to-North Water Transfer Canal Project is very important to the waterresources distribution of China, and may bring many environment problems.Thepaper studied the Jiping Canal which was the first construction segment and passedstate acceptance earliest of the east route of South-to-North Water Transfer CanalProject. The goal is to ensure the safety, stability and ecological harmony of thelong-distance water transfer project. In order to solve the variety of ecologicalrestoration issues exist for the construction of water diversion project and operationalmanagement process, different knowledges of the soil and water conservation, botany,restoration ecology, landscape ecology, landscape architecture and othermulti-disciplinary knowledge were used. A systematic study to the ecologicalrestoration of the water diversion project was carried through combining the basicdata collection, theory research, on-site investigation sampling and analysisexperiment combined with engineering practice. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In order to solve the safety and stability problems of the different sectionsof the large-scale water transfer Canal, combinded with the ecological disturbance,site factors and site types in the study area were analyzed. The entire project area isdivided into five site types and the70plots. The ecological restoration programs weredetermined based on the site types and slope stability requirements.(2)Due to the actual situation and the ecological restoration needs of Diaohillside high and steep slopes in Jiping main canal, the trinity high and steep slopeecological restoration of "steep reinforced solid+slope cross-sectional flooddrainage+Plant ecological protection" in steep slope segment was applied concretelyand had a well overall protective effect.The integrated technology of taking reinforcement, offload, dense andwaterproof in one was reinforced in the high and steep slope. The entire average slope gradient was controlled between1:2and1:2.5to ensure the safe operation of thedrains in high and steep slope. The technology of slope less charge and one-wayTGDG50slope reinforcement adopted in the test functioned effectively. The treatedsliding coefficient under normal operating conditions was1.38.For the effective discharge of the slope precipitation, a drainage systemcomposed of three parts by the above cut-off drainage outfalls, drain slope drainageand drains protection works in high and steep slope, achieve the desired resultsindicated a good drainage effect.The technology using fiber network hydraulic spraying slope stabilization had afast adaptability, fast turf, good vegetation restoration effect especially in the gravelslope revegetation on high and steep slope and achieve the desired results showed agood ecological repair function.(3)The technology of dry root net ecological slope protection and tanzavegetation net ecological slope protection was studied based on the analysis of floodson the Yellow River floodplain levees effect and applied in the ecological protectionof the Jiping main canal levees.Based on the study of three species of Jilin seedling willow, vertical explosivewillow and Shandong speed raw willow, the dry root seedlings stem system composedof the three seedling willow stem had the characteristics of fast forest forming, rapidgrowth, effectively soil conservation and so on. For Jiping main canal, Shandongfast-growing willow is suitable for the dry root seedlings stem system.The test analysis of protection effect for the three grass species (tall fescue+mixedryegrass, white clover and bermudagrass) indicated that the best ecology protectioneffect was bermudagrass+tanza vegetation net.(4)Based on the analyzing of the non-conveyance section in the Jiping Canal ofSouth-to-North Water Diversion Project, we proposed4modes,7series and22kindsof plant configuration modes including grass slope protection, arbor and grass slopeprotection, shrub and grass slope protection and arbor shrub and grass slopeprotection for the different actual situation and the ecological restoration demand ofthe different channels. At the same time, we proposed the corresponding plantconfiguration technology. The width of grass family (BG) was as follows: planting bermudagrass abovewithin the channels of the left embankment berm slope, planting trees on the leftlateral and twin row strip of dike road (selection of tree species Ligustrum, Sophorajaponica, fast-growing willow etc.) as street trees, planting trees on the right side ofthe berm and on the top of dike channels (selection of tree species Sophora japonica,fast-growing willow, Fatong, ash, poplar etc.) constituting the ecological shelter forestnet, planting dry root network in the outer slope of the right side of the dike, plantingJuju inside right side of the land acquisition line as the protective ecological fences.The width of shrub and grass family (BSG) was as follows: planting japonicusabove the channels left embankment berm within the slope, planting shrubs (smallcypress trees, golden privet, Buxus microphylla, Berberis etc.) forming shrub-modepattern, planting trees on the left lateral goods font row strip of the Tiding road(Ligustrum, Sophora japonica, fast-growing willow etc.) as street trees, plantingLigustrum in the right side of slope toe in the berm channels, planting japonicus andshrub-mode pattern in the right side of the embankment (Cypress, Euonymus,Pittosporum etc.), planting Sophora in the right side of the dike and the dike outstationetc, planting Juju as a protective ecological fences inside of the right side of the landacquisition line.(5)The ecological landscape restoration of the large-scale water transfer Canalwas proposed.We studied the ecological restoration technology of the16managementdistrict node along the Jiping Canal due to the ecological restoration and greenlandscaping demands and identified the concept of ecological restoration takingdragon as thinking and taking bead as shape. Two ecological restoration models whichwere Eco-park model and nursery stock base model were proposed based on siteconditions and functional analysis of the management area. At the same time, weproposed the technologies of kinds of tree planting and road and square pavement ofmanagement area, concrete pavement placement and irrigation system installation.