Analysising And Utilizing Resistance Gene In Wheat To Stripe Rust And Powdery Mildew In Gansu Province

Wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp. triticiEriks and Blumeria graminis f.sp．tritici Em．Marcha1, are two important wheat diseases inworldwide. Using resistant varieties is the most economical, effective, and environmentallyfriendly approach of controlling stripe rust and powdery mildew, reducing yield losses. In thispaper, according to (1) evaluated the resistance of tester gene (genes), known its value inbreeding.(2) postulated the resistant gene (genes) of about50or64commercial wheat varieties(lines) or resistant sources to stripe rust and powdery mildew, and analysized the resistantinheritance of four major wheat varieties (lines) Longjian9343,93Bao4-4, Longjian9811andLongjian9821to stripe rust in seedling stage, and molecular detection on40wheat varieties(lines) to stripe rust, to known its gene in wheat.(3) using bio-diversity principle and methods,selected some wheat varieties (lines) which resistant or susceptible to stripe rust and powderymildew and possessed different gene (genes), to mixed together or inter-planted with othercrops, evaluated its controlling effect to stripe rust and powdery mildew. According to4yearslater, the main results are as follows.1. The results of evaluated on effective genes for resistance to stripe rust and powderymildew virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Blumeria graminis f.sp．tritici inGansu province.(1) Using43or192different mono isolates on Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. triticiEriks and Blumeria graminis f.sp．tritici, testing virulence frequency on35or28resistant gene(genes) in Lanzhou greenhouse, patterns of wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew were studiedunder the field conditions across16environmentally different locations by planting trap nurseryof testers and high susceptible variety Mingxian169during2007~2011. The results revealedthat the resistant gene (genes) Yr5, Yr10, Yr12, Yr24/Yr26and Pm2,Pm4b,Pm13,Pm21,Pm2+6,Pm1+2+9,Pm2+Mld were resistant in seedling stage. The gene (genes) foundeffective against stripe rust and powdery mildew under natural conditions may be deployedsingly or in combination to develop higher resistant to wheat varieties. It worth using in future,but avoid the single resistant gene wildly used in southern of Gansu province at different attitude that deduced new virulence races emerging, and loosing its resistance in field. The newvirulence isolates which virulent to resistant wheat varieties Guinong22, Moro,92R137andChuanmai42in seedling stage, its emergency frequencies approached14.8%in2011in Gansuprovince. It worth caution in wheat breeding and planting in future, especially screened itsresistant variation of wheat varieties Guinong22, Moro,92R137, Chuanmai42and itspedigrees in field. The virulence frequency of testing isolates of powdery mildew which comefrom Longnan region, Gansu province were higher than Middle region. The resistant genePm4b had virulent isolates which come from high mountain in Longnnan region. According toidentificated and evaluated on resistance of testing wheat varieties (lines) in different16locations in Gansu province,10wheat varieties (lines) may had adult resistant character such asLantian16,10wheat varieties (lines) may had slow-rusting character, such as Lantian14.6wheat varieties (lines) Longyuan034, Longjian386, Huapei764, Huining18, Longjian127andY9220-12maybe had adult resistant character to powdery mildew.2. Studies gene postulation, resistant inheritance and molecular detection of resistant geneto stripe rust and powdery mildew.(1) By means of artificial inoculation of26Puccinia striiformis or17powdery mildewisolates with different spectra of pathogenicity at seedling stage, the resistance to stripe rust andpowdery mildew were identified in50or64wheat varieties (lines) from Gansu Province. Incombination with pedigree analysis and resistance reactions of30or26standard varieties withknown resistant genes, the resistance genes in the50or64varieties (lines) were postulated. Theresults showed that the wheat variety Zhongliang25was postulated Yr3and unknown genes.The wheat variety Lantian20was postulated to possess Yr3a, Yr4a, Yr16, and unknown genes.The wheat line Y9220-12was postulated to possess Yr9, YrCle, and unknown genes. Thevarieties (lines) Lantian14, Longyuan932, Longyu216, and Longyuan992were postulated topossess Yr9and unknown genes. Genes Yr10and YrMor were postulated in Longjian9343,93Bao4-4, Tianxuan43, and Guinong22. The variety Lantian19was postulated to possess Yr12and unknown resistant genes. Gene Yr26was postulated in Lantian17,95-111-3,98-178-3-2-4,and92R137. The wheat line Longyuan932was postulated to possess Pm5and unknown genes.The wheat variety Xifeng20was postulated to possess Pm6and unknown genes. The wheat line98Bao1-2was postulated to possess Pm8and unknown genes. Gene Pm19was postulatedin two wheat varieties (lines)863-13and Shi7816. Six varieties (lines) Tianxuan43, X9610,95-111-3, Lantian17,92R137and Guinong22were postulated to possess Pm21.Unknowngenes were found in other wheat varieties (lines), which resistant types were different from thetested genes.(2) Four wheat varieties (lines) Longjian9343,93Bao4-4, Longjian9811and Longjian9821from Southern Gansu, was used as maternal parents and hybridized with the susceptiblecultivar Mingxian169, to study the inheritance of the resistance to stripe rust in seedling plants,and the F2populations of the crosses were inoculated with CYR29, CYR32and CYR33.Theresults showed that the wheat variety Longjian9343were controlled by2dominant genes toCYR29, one dominant gene to CYR32and CYR33in seedling stage respectively. The wheatline93Bao4-4were controlled by two dominant genes to testing races CYR29,CYR32andCYR33. The two wheat varieties Longjian9811and Longjian9821were used pollen-tubepathway, which was one of the effective transgenic techniques in wheat breeding, introducedthe total DNA of maize and sorghum into common wheat cultivar Tao157, which wassusceptible to stripe rust in field in Gansu province, to obtained. The resistant inheritanceresults showed that there was one dominant gene which controlled by to CYR29, which comefrom parents wheat variety Tao157. There was a new recessive gene YrLongjian9811, whichresistant to CYR32in wheat variety Longjian9811, maybe come from maize. There was a newdominant gene YrLongjian9821, which resistant to CYR33in wheat variety Longjian9821,maybe come from sorghum.(3) The resistant genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr26, and Yr9(1B/1R) were validated usingmolecular markers in40wheat varieties (lines). There were14wheat varieties (lines) detectedto be Yr9, which accounted for35.0%of the total wheat varieties (lines). The gene Yr26wasdetected in92R178and its pedigree Lantian17. And the other wheat varieties (lines) did notdetect Yr5, Yr10and Yr15.3. Studies of using bio-diversity principle to controlling the wheat stripe rust and powderymildew.(1) Selected10or7wheat varieties (lines) which possessed different genes of stripe rust and powdery mildew, and planted in different range in Gangu testing station, institute of plantprotection, Gansu academy of agricultural sciences, Gansu province, during2008~2010, to testits controlling effect to stripe rust and powdery mildew in field. The results showed thatcompared with susceptible wheat varieties, the final disease index, diseased leaved rate,diseased spot rate of mixture plots were lower than mono plots on susceptible varieties (lines).Maybe it is a better way to control the stripe rust and powdery mildew in field. The mixedwheat combination Tao157/Zhongliang22, which planted in Longnan mountain, relativecontrolling effect are48.71%~64.33%, and relative increase effect on yield are5.71%~12.63%,better than mono plots of susceptible varieties. It was worth using in future in Longnan region,Gansu province.(2) Plot experiments were conducted to study the effect of stripe rust and powdery mildewon susceptible wheat varieties (lines) intercropped with other crops in different location ofGansu province. The results showed that compared with susceptible wheat varieties (lines),intercropped with maize, the relative controlling effect were increased16.73%~45.69%towheat stripe rust, and increased14.74%~36.99%to powdery mildew. Its relative yieldincreased52.41%~139.99%. When intercropped with sunflower, the relative controlling effectwere increased5.89%~28.86%to wheat stripe rust and11.74%~18.37%to powdery mildew,and its relative yield increased-1.4%~24.81%. The above two combinations were worth usingin future in Longnan region, Gansu province. Intercropped with potato and paper, the relativecontrolling effect were-4.51%~11.68%to wheat stripe rust and-15.38%~5.23%to powderymildew, and its relative yield increased above150%.