Research Of Regulation Effect On Angelica Sinensis Bolting And Its Mechanism

Raising seedlings in greenhouse in winter and direct seeding technology were used in Angelica sinensis cultivation to shorten Angeilca sinensis growing period, so to avoid bolting. Seedlings were stored up at different conditions to affect iarovization process. The growth promoter, growth inhibitor or growth retardants were used to regulate Angelica sinensis growth process, and then to study the effect law and mechanism of cultural practices and plant growth regulator on Angelica sinensis bolting. The results were as followings:1. MH, PP333 and CCC in different concentration restrain leaves and plant height increase at different degree. PP333100mg/L and CCC500mg/L restrained germination and growth of lateral root. The higher the concentration of MH, the greater the growth inhibition effect on root enlargement growth. CCC500mg/L inhibited root enlargement growth. MH decreased chlorophyll content of Angelica sinensis leaves, and the decrease extent was increased with the increase of concentration. The higher the PP333 and CCC concentration, the higher the chlorophyll content. MH and PP333 led to decrease of soluble sugar content. And high concentration CCC promoted accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves. MH, PP333 and CCC all increased soluble proteins and free amino acid content, and the higher the concentration, the greater the effect. The effect of growth inhibitor on bolting expressed two month after spraying. Bolting rate in treatments of MH, PP3331000mg/L, CCC500mg/L and CCC1000mg/L were all higher than control and the others dramatically or very dramatically. The difference of effect on bolting rate among three growth inhibitor was not significant, and the growth inhibitor concentration had significant effect on bolting rate. High concentration such as 1000mg/L was beneficial to decrease bolting rate. Interaction between growth inhibitor and concentration on bolting was not significant. High concentration PP333 and CCC increased root weight and decreased bolting rate, and then increased yield of Angelica sinensis.2. NAA100mg/L and GA₃100mg/L+NAA100mg/L were beneficial to increase Angelica sinensis leaves, but GA₃30mg/L restrained leaves increase and accelerated plant senescence. NAA sprayed singly, or combined with CTK, or combined with GA₃ all accelerated plant height. NAA100mg/L and CTK100mg/L+NAA100mg/L accelerated elongation growth of root. ABA20mg/L, GA₃30mg/L, GA₃50mg/L+NAA100mg/L and GA₃100mg/L+NAA100mg/L all held up elongation growth of root. CTK100mg/L+ NAA100mg/L motivated germination and growth of lateral root. On the contrary, whether sprayed singly or matched with the other exogenous hormones, ABA and GA₃ all restrained growth of lateral root. NAA was beneficial to root enlargement growth. ABA and GA₃ sprayed singly or cooperated with the others were all restrained root enlargement growth. GA₃ had accelerated influence on bolting, and the higher the GA₃ concentration and proportion, the more obvious influence on bolting acceleration. NAA100mg/L and CTK50mg/L+NAA100mg/L had slight restrain influence on bolting. NAA sprayed singly or it matched with CTK all promoted Angelica sinensis yield remarkably, and the influence of CTK100mg/L+NAA100mg/L on yield promotion was the best. GA₃30mg/L had the maximal extent of yield reducing. The greater the GA₃ and NAA proportion, the greater the yield reducing extent. NAA sprayed singly or it matched with GA₃ increased chlorophyll content in leaves, however, NAA cooperated with CTK and ABA cooperated with GA₃ all restrained composition of chlorophyll. GA₃ led soluble sugar content to rise, and the higher the concentration and proportion were, the higher the soluble sugar content. ABA in low concentration, or NAA sprayed singly, or NAA matched with CTK all motivated soluble proteins and free amino acid content. Whether in high or low concentration, and whether sprayed singly or matched with the other exogenous hormones, GA₃ restrained composition and accumulation of free amino acid. CAT activity was motivated by ABA20mg/L, CTK50mg/L+NAA100mg/L and NAA 100mg/L, but GA₃ in high concentration decreased CAT activity. POD activity decreased after spraying of ABA20mg/L and CTK50mg/L+NAA100mg/L, on the contrary, GA₃50mg/L+NAA100mg/L and GA₃100mg/L+NAA100mg/L decreased POD activity after spraying. It made out that GA₃ in high concentration sprayed singly or matched with the other exogenous hormones all could promote POD activity. PPO activity was higher than control after spraying of GA₃50mg/L+NAA100mg/L, GA₃100mg/L+NAA 100mg/L, ABA40mg/L+GA₃40mg/L and ABA40mg/L+GA₃40mg/L. ABA20mg/L and NAA100mg/L decreased PPO activity on the contrary.3. Cultivation techniques of raising seedlings in greenhouse in winter and transplanting green plant with substrate could restrain Angelica sinensis bolting effectively, and the bolting rate in field was o after it was transplanted. When the average day temperature was 14℃～18℃, average day relative air humidity was 40%～60%, effective accumulated temperature≥5℃was 237.1℃～391.8℃, were beneficial to Angelica sinensis seedlings growth. However, later growth vigour of the seedlings raised in that conditions slowed down after it was transplanted in field. If raising seedlings in condition where average day temperature was 8℃～15℃and effective accumulated temperature≥5℃was 105.2℃～240.3℃, the seedlings growth was at a disadvantage, but the material accumulated quickly in later growth period after it's transplanted in field. The bigger the container caliber was, the slower the emergence speed was, and the lower the emergence rate was. 4cm paper barrel was beneficial to material accumulation of leaves and root, and was beneficial to increase of RSR. Gardenmould and vermiculite mixed in 1:1 was the most beneficial to Angelica sinensis seedlings emergence, gardenmould was on the contrary. Between the different containers, the difference was not significant, and interaction between container and substrate was not significant, neither. Container for seedling rising had significant effect on cotyledon degradation speed. cotyledon degradation speed of seedlings raised in paper containers was quick, and substrate had no effect on cotyledon degradation speed. Lateral root of Angelica sinensis seedlings in paper containers were superior to those raised in plastic containers at early seedling stage, and on the contrary at later seedling period. Vermiculite was beneficial to germination and growth of lateral root, otherwise, Gardenmould was not beneficial to lateral root. So, plastic container with vermiculite was the best for germination and growth of lateral root. Small space of paper containers caused excessive growth of seedlings. Otherwise, the big space of plastic containers was beneficial to get strong seedlings. In same substrate conditions, plastic container was superior to paper containers in material accumulation, and in same containers conditions, material accumulation was the highest, and its'the lowest in treatment of gardenmould. So plastic containers and vermiculite used in seedlings raise was the best conditions for material accumulation of Angelica sinensis root.4. When Angelica sinensis seedlings saved in temperature that was higher than 7℃, was inbeneficial to growth after transplant because of too early germination. Bolting rate was higher than the other conditions when seedlings were stored in 10℃or stored in Min county as traditional. Bolting rate did not show a marked linear correlation with the temperature. Seedlings stored in 0℃～7℃, bolting rate was relatively lower than the other temperature. Seedlings storage temperature had no significant effect on length of Angelica sinensis root. Root diameter and lateral root were all the highest in treatment of stored seedlings in Min County as traditional, and 10℃treatment was in inferior. Though seedling storage temperature didn't affect single root yield at significant level, the difference of bolting rate led to yield raising in treatments 0℃and 7℃than storaged in Ming County as traditional. Therefore, Angelica sinensis seedlings was fit to stored in 0℃～7℃.5. Direct seeding technology was used to shorten growing period, so to avoid bolting. Seed from bolting plant and seed waxen maturity could be used in direct seeding. Seed type and density of sowing had a little influence on Angelica sinensis main root length and root diameter. Maim root length and root diameter was better than the other treatments when the seed from first ear of Angelica sinensis was sowed at 20cm×20cm planting distance×row space. The yield was the highest when the seed which was from normal first ear was sowed at planting distance 10cm and row space 20cm. Compared with traditional seedling raising at mountain waste, root shape was good and lateral root was less with direct seeding technology. Ash content and ethanol-soluble extractives content were all up to quality standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia when the different seed sowed in direct seeding technology.