| To evaluate effects of different Vitamin premix on reproductive performance of Qingjaoma (QJM, a native breed in south of china) broiler breeder hens and on growth performance of their progeny,4 trials (2 for breeder and 2 for broiler) were carried out. The vitamin premixes included A, B, C, D, E for breeder hen andâ… (NRC),â…¡(moderate level),â…¢(high level, recommended by DSM) for broiler. The vitamin premix E was designed on OVNTM level for broiler breeder recommended by DSM, and all vitamin levels of premix A were lower than that of premix E except VD3 and VK3, premix B, C, and D were respectively produced by adding Hy.D (25-OHD3) to premix A, and adding VB1, VB12, biotin and folic acid to premix A, or adding Hy.D, VB1, VB12, biotin, and folic acid to premix A, according to the levels in vitamin premix E.Trial 1The 16wk feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two dietary vitamin premix (A and E) on the productive performance, as well as egg characteristics, fertility, hatchability of QJM broiler breeder hens, and serum MDA levels of hens and their progeny. The results were as follows:(1) there were no statistical effects on egg production and hatchability between the two levels of vitamin premix added in diets for breeder. (2) Improved shell thickness (P=0.07), yolk color (P<0.05), and shape index (P<0.05) were observed in eggs from the hens fed with diets containing vitamin premix A. The HF unit (P<0.001), shape index (P<0.05), and albumen height (P<0.001) was observed to be larger at 61 wk of age than one at 69 wk of age, but it is the reverse case for yolk color. There were significant effects of interaction between vitamin level and age on shape index (P<0.05). (3)The content of serum MDA for hen and their progeny was significantly lower in groups fed with diets containing vitamin premix A. In conclusion, it is more advisable to add the vitamin premix A in diet than E for broiler breeder hen during the period from 54 to 69wk of age.Trail 2To evaluate effects of maternal and dietary vitamin premix on growth performance, antioxidant ability, carcass composition, and Ca and P levels in tibia of QJM broiler, the progeny of breeder hen fed with the diet containing two vitamin premixes (A and E) were fed with diet containing 3 vitamin premixes (â… ,â…¡,â…¢). The 70d feeding experiment, including 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 16 birds, was conducted. The results were as follows:(1) The AFI of boiler were respectively improved by 4.24%(P <0.01) and 2.40%(P<0.05) at the age from 50 to 70d and from 0 to 70d, whose maternal diet contains vitamin premix A, compared to premix E. And the F/G were improved by 0.16 (P<0.01) and 0.04 (P=0.065) also. There were no significant differences on BWG of boiler between the two maternal vitamin premixes. The BWG of the broiler fed with the diet containing premixâ…¢were respectively higher by 6.28%(P<0.05) and 3.16%(P<0.05) than those of the broiler fed with the diet containing premix I at the age from 50 to 70d and from 0 to70d, whereas the AFI value was improved 5.11%(P< 0.01) at the age from 50 to 70d. There were no significant effects of vitamin premix added in broiler diet on F/G of broiler. The significant interactive effect of vitamin premix added in maternal and broiler's diet on BWG were observed at the age from 50 to70d and from 0 to 70d, but the interactive effect on AFI and F/G were only observed at the age from 50 to70d. The highest BWG and AFI was observed in A+â…¢group (namely, the vitamin premix A added in maternal diet and the vitamin premixâ…¢added in progeny' diet), the lowest F/G was observed in E+â…¢group. (2) Neither maternal nor broiler's diet vitamin premix has significant effects on slaughter performance and carcass composition of male broiler at the 70d of age. The dressed carcass percentage of female broiler in group which maternal diet contains vitamin premix A was improved by 1.37%(P<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated carcass yield of female broiler fed with the diet containing vitamin premixâ…¡were improved by 3.75% and 3.51%(P<0.05) respectively compared to vitamin premixâ… andâ…¢, however their percentage of abdominal fat reduced by 25.29%(P=0.052) compared to vitamin premixâ… .The highest percentage of eviscerated carcass yield and the lowest percentage of abdominal fat of female broiler were both observed in A+â…¡group, The highest percentage of wing of female broiler was observed in E+III group. (3) There were no significant effects of different vitamin premixes added in maternal or broiler's diet on activities of GSH-Px or SOD detected in serum of female broiler at 70d of age, but significant interactive effects of maternal and broiler's diet contain different vitamin premix on activity of GSH-Px in female serum were observed, and the highest was observed in A+III group and the lowest was observed in A+â…¡group. The activity of GSH-Px and the levels of MDA detected in serum of male broiler in group that fed with vitamin premixâ…¢respectively increased by 31.11%(P<0.05) or reduced by 40.06%(P<0.05) compared to vitamin premixâ… .The highest activity of GSH-Px in serum of male broiler was observed in A+III group, and the lowest levels of MDA was observed in E+III group. (4) No effects of different vitamin premixes added in maternal or broiler's diet on immune organ index, and no interaction between maternal and broiler's diet were observed. (5) There were interaction on the levels of Ca and P in tibia of female broiler between maternal and broiler's diet, and the highest levels of Ca and P in tibia was observed in observed in A+â… group. It is suggested that adding premix A in maternal diet and premix III in broiler diet is desirable to improve growth performance and antioxidant ability of QJM broiler.Trail 3The 18wk feeding experiment was carried out to detect the effects of 5 dietary vitamin premixes (A, B, C, D, and E) on egg production, hatchability and quality of progeny at birth. In the experiment,2880 QJM breeder hens at 43 wk of age were employed and allotted into 5 treatments with 6 replicates. The results were as follows:(1) Different vitamin premixes did not affect egg production, BWG and mortality of breeder hen. (2) The fertility of total eggs set in treatment C were higher than that in treatment B (P<0.05) at 46 wk of age. (3) The hatchability of total fertile eggs in treatment C were higher than that in treatment D (P<0.05) at 46wk of age, and the ones in treatment A, B, and C were higher than that in treatment D (P<0.05) at 50wk of age, and the one in treatment B was higher than that in treatment E (P<0.01) and D (P<0.05), and the ones in treatment A and C were higher than that in treatment E (P<0.05). But the average hatchability of total fertile eggs from 46 to 60 wk of age was only observed significantly higher in treatment C than that in treatment D (P<0.05). The hatchability of total eggs set in treatment C were significantly higher than that in treatment A, B, and D, which was only observed at 46wk of age. (4)There were no significant differences of percentage of saleable chicks to total chicks hatch and to total eggs set among treatments. (5) The body weight of chick at birth in treatment C were more heavy than that in the other 4 treatment at 50wk of age (P<0.05), and that in treatment C is more heavy than that in treatment A (P<0.01), D(P<0.01), and E (P<0.05) at 54wk of age. (6) The level of MDA in serum of breeder hens at 60wk of age was the lowest in treatment B, and reduced by 46.46%(P<0.05),40.55%(P<0.05) and 25.32%(P<0.05) respectively compared to treatment C, D, and E. The levels of MDA in yolk were the lowest in treatment B and the highest in treatment E, reducing by 31.05%(P<0.05),31.59%(P<0.05),30.40%(P<0.05) and 50.54%(P< 0.01) respectively compared to treatment A, C, D, and E. And the MDA levels in treatment A, C, and D reduced by 28.27%(P< 0.05),27.70%(P< 0.05) and 28.94%(P< 0.05) respectively compared to treatment E. There was no significant difference of MDA level in progeny at Id of age among various treatments. (7) The level of Ca in tibia of progeny at 1d of age was the lowest in treatment C, lower than that in treatment B (P<0.01), A, D, and E (P<0.05). The level of P in tibia of progeny at 1d of age in treatment C was also lower than that in the other 4 treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, the vitamin premix C can improve reproductive performance of breeder hen and body weight of progeny at birth, and vitamin premix B can decrease the levels of MDA in serum and yolk of breeder hen and improve the levels of Ca, and P in tibia of progeny at birth.Trail 4To evaluate effects of different maternal vitamin premixes on growth performance, immune organ development, and levels of Ca, and P in tibia of broiler, the 28d feeding experiment was conducted. One hundred and twenty chicks from breeder hens fed with the 5 maternal vitamin premixes were respectively selected and allotted into 12 groups of 10 birds, and half of groups were fed with diet containing vitamin premix I and the other were fed without commercial vitamin. The results were as follows:(1) The vitamin premixâ… added in diet improved AFI and BWG of broiler at every week from 0 to 28d of age (P< 0.01) and reduced F/G of broiler at every week from 8 to 28d of age (P< 0.01), and maternal vitamin premix did not significantly affect the BWG, AFI, and F/G of broiler at every week from 0 to 28d of age. The interaction between maternal and dietary vitamin premix of broiler on BWG of broiler was detected from 8 to 14d (P<0.05) and from 15 to 21 d of age, as well as on AFI from 8 to 14d of age. In the condition of no commercial vitamin in broiler diet, maternal premix E, A, and B improved BWG of broiler by 28.60%(P<0.01),19.72%(P<0.05) and 18.93%(P<0.05) from 8 to 14d of age, compared to maternal premix C. And maternal premix E and A improved BWG of broiler by 60.14%(P<0.01) and 49.66%(P<0.05) from 15 to 21d, and 6.44%(P<0.05) and 32.28% from 0 to 28d of age respectively compared to maternal premix C. Maternal premix E improved AFI of broiler by 14.50% and 11.80%(P<0.05) respectively compared to premix C and D from 8 to 14 d of age. Maternal premix E reduced F/G by 0.26 (P<0.05) compared to premix C. In the groups fed with vitamin premixâ… , maternal treatment did not affect BWG and G/F of broiler, but premix C improved AFI by 9.35%(P<0.05) compared to premix E from 8 to 14d of age. (2) In the condition of no commercial vitamin in broiler diet, the largest variation of body weight of broiler at 29d of age occurred in maternal treatment E and the smallest one in maternal treatment C and D. In the groups fed with vitamin premixâ… , the largest and the smallest variations of body weight of broiler at 29d of age presented in maternal treatment D and treatment C separately. (3) The vitamin premixâ… added in diet improved bursa of fabricius index and thymus gland index of broiler, and maternal treatment C improved gland index compared to treatment B. Interactive effects on thymus gland index and spleen index of broiler between maternal and dietary vitamin premix of broiler were observed. Without commercial vitamin in broiler diet, maternal treatment C, E, and A improved spleen index of broiler at 29d of age by 82.93%(P<0.01),67.48%(P<0.01) and 64.23% (P<0.01) respectively compared to maternal treatment B and by 71.75%(P<0.01),57.25%(P<0.05) and 54.20%(P<0.05) respectively by comparison to maternal treatment D. In the groups fed with vitamin premixâ… , maternal treatment D, C, and A improved spleen index of broiler at 29d of age by 65.25%(P<0.01),47.80%(P <0.05) and 45.51%(P<0.05) respectively compared to maternal treatment E. (4) The levels of Ca and P in tibia of broiler improved by adding vitamin premixâ… in broiler diet, but were not significantly affected by maternal vitamin premix and their interaction. In the groups fed without commercial vitamin, maternal vitamin premix did not significantly affect the levels of Ca and P in tibia of broiler at 29d of age. In the groups fed with vitamin premixâ… , the levels of Ca in tibia of broiler in maternal treatment B were higher than that in treatment D. It is proposed that growth performce, levels of Ca and P in tibia, bursa of fabricius index, and thymus gland index of broiler were decreased, and variation of body weight of broiler at 29d of age was increased significantly when adding no commercial vitamin in broiler diet. Effect of different maternal vitamin premix on progeny were more obvious when no commercial vitamin in broiler diet, the maternal vitamin premix C reduced BWG, AFI, but improved F/G and spleen index of progeny. Maternal vitamin premix B was benefit to deposition of Ca, and P in tibia of broiler.ConclusionAccording to the above results, the following conclusions will be obtained:(1) Vitamin premix C contributes to the improvement of reproductive performance of breeder hen, body weight of progeny at birth. And the progeny fed with sufficient vitamin had greatest body weight and smallest variation of body weight among individuals. (2) Vitamin B is of benefit to antioxidant ability of breeder hen and Ca and P deposition in tibia of progeny. (3) The direct effects of maternal vitamin on performance of broiler occurred from 0 to 21d of age. (4) Vitamin premixâ…¢help to improve performance and antioxidant ability of QJM broiler. (5) Vitamin premix C is more suitable for QJM breeder hen after peak egg production, and vitamin premixâ…¢is suggested to feed QJM broiler.
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