| Based on the study of the composition and biogeochemical characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) in different interfaces (water-sediment-organisms) in Xiamen Harbour and adjacent area using modern analysis techniques, the biogeochemical process of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine environment were discussed. The results show that:1. Optimized the conditions of experiments and established the analysis methods of trace petroleum hydrocarbons of samples in different phase. Especially optimized the analysis method of trace components of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and calibrated the method using SRM (Standard Reference Material).2. Quantification index of n-akanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were proved as the good biomarker for indicating the biogeochemical process of petroleum hydrocarbons; It was the first time to find the high level of nC 11 in Xiamen water and sediments were related to the coal pollution. Additionally, the high level of Naphthalene were considered with the increasing motor -driven vehicles and the use of camphor ball in hotels and in families in Xiamen City.3. It was the first time to study the accumulation of each component of petroleum hydrocarbons in microlayer detail. The mechanism of accumulation was discussed. Found that the sources of material controlled the accumulation coefficient of PH in microlayer seawater. When the sources of upper layer and down layer were almost same, microlayer water accumulated even carbons in short chain n-alkanes; accumulated odd carbons in long chain n-alkanes. The accumulation coefficients of alkanes were 6. The accumulation order of microlayer water for PAHs was 5 rings >4 ring >3 rings>2 rings and the coefficients increasing with power series, were related with the solubility, boil and melting points and evaporate degree. Microlayer water accumulate ?PAHs was 1 -5 (mean 3.14).4. Based on the biogeochemical characteristics of PH between bottom water-pore water-sediments interfaces, found that the short chain n-alkanes and low rings PAHs with high solubility and low melting and boiling points distributed in pore water and the long chain n-alkanes and high rings PAHs with lower solubility and high melting and boiling points distributed in sediments. This partition pattern between sediments and pore water indicated the balance system between water and sediments. Theconcentrations of PH in pore water was lower than that in bottom water indicated PH in sediments mainly came from the deposition of PH from bottom water.5. Combined several kinds of biomarkers, we could guessed that the sources of PH in Xiamen Harbour mainly came from oil-containing waste water discharge, urban water discharge and the combustions of fuels and gasoline; the sources of PH near Jioulong River Estuary mainly was combustion of fossil fuel.6. Based on the analysis of composition of petroleum hydrocarbon in Oil port core sediment and Haimen Island core sediment, Jiulong sediment were polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon in 1994, oil port sediment were contaminated increasing in recent years.7. Based on the study of petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater and mussels in fish cages, the accumulation coefficients of organisms for PH very high. Mussels could accumulate n-alakanes for 2500 times and PAHs 1000 times.8. From the combination experiments of in situ and laboratory, the distribution and transportation characteristic of petroleum hydrocarbons in different tissues of mussels were studied. It was found that the composition and accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbon in mussels were related with the pathway of eating and metabolize processes.9. The mussels in four fish cages were contaminated by PH, especially in Maluan Bay.10. This paper were first time to use the statistics software SPSS 10.0 to study the sources, transportation and transform regular.In the all, the thesis researched the composition characteristics and biogeochemical processes of petroleum hydrocarbons deeply and comprehensively f... |
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