| Today with the exploding of the society information, it is exigent to further integrate and minimize the devices that use electron for information carriers. However, due to the own physic limitations of electron itself, this process or step is meeting more and more technology bottleneck, and consequentially compel people to seek new information carriers besides electron. It has quick time response, bigger transmission capacity, small in size and higher integrity that use photon as information carrier instead of electron. Thus study and develop photon devices is becoming the leading edge in corresponding filed and attracting more and more attentions in recent years. The academic thought that band-gap of the photon is able to be controlled artificially by using a higher-dimensional periodic dielectric element structures is put forward firstly by Yablonovitch et al., 1987. Lights transmission in certain directions (band-gap located direction) is totally forbidden in these so-called Photonic Crystal (PC) structures. The modulation of the propagation of photon in PCs is similar to that of electron which its transports in semiconductor is also controlled by the band-gap. Thus PCs have a potential wide application in new nano-technologies, photon computers, photon chips and so on.However, the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals is still a challenging and expensive task with present laboratory techniques, and this status greatly hindered the development of the applications of PCs. In current science and technology, there are no mature and effective methods to build 3D PCs in submicron size. However, PCs in this size have abilities to modulate the propagations of light that in the near-infrared wavelength range. Commonly, the PC structure fabrication technologies in present labs are applied by photolithographic method to achieve 2D periodic nano-structures or used layer by layer deposition or via self-assembly method to form more complicated 3D PC structures. The preparation condition of the former method is rigorous, fussy, low in efficiency, high in cost, and consequently have no means of popularization in industry productions. Also the later method is only to form some simple 3D photonic crystal structures limited by its own formation mechanism. Thus, new methods to fabricate PCs have significant importance in both academic and practical meanings for theoretical and practical studies.It has been found in recent years that some of the natural organisms have various kinds and abundant scales of fine structures through more than hundreds of millions of evolutions. Many kinds of theses bio-structures processes submicron periodic structures and exists the properties of natural PCs. Some typical kinds of butterfly wings can reflect brilliant blue colors and is argue to be related to its hierarchical fine structures by present researchers. Our group has begun to study the complicated scales'structures of the butterfly wings since 2003. Some important works have been published concerning the synthesis of many ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2 functional materials based on butterfly wings'template. However, previous works are mainly focused on the whole butterfly wings instead of single wing scales. Butterfly wing contains complex structures, and the single scale is in fact the basic structure unite realizing different functions. So using the whole butterfly wings as template will inevitably bring the follow problems:In present studies, the academic idea that use single butterfly wing scales as the basic research unite is advanced by the first time. Also, a new fabrication technology is introduced based on the previous dipping method presented by Zhang et al. A general character (dioptric anisotropism) of the butterfly wing scales structure is obtained by test in details of the angle resolved reflectance and transmission spectra. Using the new method, we have fabricated the ZnO, ZrO2 and BaTiO3 replica successfully. The main results of the present studies are as follows:1. The ground and cover scales on the dorsal surface of Morpho have a light reflect anisotropic properties.2. The main regions that reflect blue light for ground scales are confined whileθis equal to 90o±10o and 270o±10o. Ten degrees apart from the most reflectable orientations, the reflected intensity will reduce ten times.3. For cover scales, it can reflect two kinds of colors. Whileθis around 180o, the scale is blue; whileθis around 90o and 270o, the scale is red.4. We have re-degined the reflectance and transmittance spectrum test equipment and studied the angle resovled reflectance and transmittance properties of the single scale. The results indicate that a subtle difference of the scales'microstructures will influence its angle resovled reflectance spectrum results. Thus the coupling connections'informations of the light and the wing scales'structure can be then identified via angle resovled reflectance tests.5. We have re-designed the fabrication method and successfully synthesized ZrO2,ZnO,BaTiO3 optical thin films using single scale as template. The control of decomposing temperature is proved to be the most important infact in our new single scale fabrication method. Well single scale films with ground scales'structures will be achieved via firstly 800℃pretreatment of carbonization followed by 500℃sintering in air. In contrast, the heat processing parameter is changed to 500℃carbonization treatment and 500℃sintering in air for materials replicated from cover scales. |
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