The Universe, Dark Energy, The Residual Gravitational Waves And The Polarization Of The Microwave Background Radiation Research

This thesis mainly focuses on some of our studies on the cosmic dark energy, relic gravitational waves and the polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation, which are of the most active issues in the modern cosmology. The studies on them are very important for understanding the foundational component of the Universe, the inflationary physics and the evolution of the Universe. Recently, the open of a number of observed data, especially the data of SNIa and power spectra of CMB anisotropy and polarization, makes the studies on these two topics become more and more important. This thesis consists of four chapters.First, we introduce some background knowledge of the modern cosmology, especially the recent studies on the cosmic dark energy and relic gravitational gravitational waves, and our mainly research on these two topics.In Chapter 2, we first discuss the observed foundation of the cosmic dark energy, the models of dark energy and two important problems for the dark energy models: the fine-tuning problem and the cosmic coincide problem. Then we mainly introduce two of our works on the dark energy: discussing a kind of simple Quintom models in detail, investigating their evolutive equations, the evolution in the phase space of ω — ω', the possibility of their equation of state crossing -1, their late attractor solutions, the construction of the potential functions of the Quintom models from the parametrized equation of state and the perturbation of this kind of dark energy models. We also discuss another kind of dark energy: Yang-Mills dark energy, which has been advised by us. We introduce their physical foundation, their evolutive equations and some important characters of this kind of models. We investigate the possibility of their equation of state crossing -1, the influence of the "magnetic" field, the coincide problem in this model, the coupling between the darn energy and matter (or/and radiation), the influence of these couplings on the evolution of the Universe, the coincide problem in these coupling models, the difference...