Casuarina Genetic Variation

Two Casuarina species, C. equisetifolia and C. junghniana, were subjected to aseries of studies which aimed to improve the planing and use of these species in China.The studies encompassed phenology, propagation, genetic variation, disease resistance,nutrition, and symbiotic relationship with microofganisms. Data were collected from 27experiments on species, provenance and progeny trials, clonal tests and glasshouseexperiments in China over the past 10 ten years. In addition, growth data from eightinternational provenance trials of C. equisetghlta provided by Mr KHongsakPinyopusperk (the second supervisor of this thesis and leader of the IPTC proect) wereincluded in the studies on provenance variation. The overall results are sununarizedbelow:1. Phenology and propagaion of C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhnboa in southernChinaTrees startd flowering about 2-3 years ther planting. Provenanes varied in theage of first flowering and theting with those from Southeast Asia found to startflowering and fruiting earlier than those from other countries.The two species can bepropagated by seed and vegetathe propagation. Viability of seeds can be maintalnedby storing the seeds at 4℃ temperatur for both species. Successful vegetativepropagaion methods include cutting, grafting and tissus culture. Water culture is oneof the most effective methds for cutting propagation of the two species. C.equisetghlia can be propagated successfully by tissue culture, which is also aneffective method to preserve better genetic resources from plantations andintroduction trials in southern China. Grafting yielded less than 30% for both speciessuggesting that more research is needed for this method.2. Results of species/provenance trials in HainanBased on survival, growth, tree form and twon resistance, the order of the bestto the worst species was C. junghuhniana C. cunninghamiana, C. equisetifolia, C.glauca, Allocasuarina littoralis, A. torulosa and C. cristata. The tree voliume of C.junguhnbiana was 80 times greater tban that of C. cristata. There wer 2-8 times inthe difference in tree volume betwen C cunninghamiana, C. equisetifolia and C.gleuca provenans. 中国林业科学研究院博士学位论文3．Quanitati,raits,ree heights,DBH nd vol。es of C equlsetifOlia and C 八叩咖励n0na,re all屯dfie出扛ly dilibrellt bew叱en silos andp叮yen。es．here were evlden of provenance x site(G x E) interachons．Some qualhatlye rits,tem and b－h fealllres,Of 43 ptovenances of C equisetghlla wer also signficanly differelltbCtW6CtW6en sit6it6a provenances or P x S in柏f8C'－xons．刀叱 Inieration effeCts ndicated site effect m he selection of suitable provnances nd tha It Is necessny to 5ave srparatb既4u旧m则aions o！c equ心epe．4．Based on ree heigh,DBH,silrvlval percemp,tem。is persistene nd sl:elll 叭d咖咖铭 n wo ntemantema咖 ptOVOllBllCO ials O5C OqO眺伽加O S仰咖M China,he good Penonlling PoVellallCes were:seedlot 8086 (Ha inh,Vietnam, 18if8 ein－Puram,ii勾,18355(Cotonou, Benn,18013 pe－Kulaug, M叭18244 p咖,8删叭灿刚,18119阳es－,b峋,18288 (Mambartota,Sri M,18348 (KUanta Pehang,Malasiya,18015 (Chandipur＄alasore,ndi刃 andl 8008 paha Casuanna Beach,Northern Tetritory, Astralial in he E946 tial at DOllgshan,Fulian；nd seedlot 8154 pan,Pmp Is, PHI,18355(Cotonou,Bent叭 18128won Nuoc,Vieinaln,18143(Gede,Kellya), 18153 ila Beach,P叩ua New Oun勾,18127(hach Lien,Vi一,18134 (Kenyatt,Beach Kenya),14233 (R．－－ty－－n,hailand and 18288 (Madagama Sri Lankal in the E944 ial at Yrpi,o凹叩山叩．hese provenances wer better hn thebest local land races Mm幻m血emc址阳．刀脏 sc卜以edprovenances were 25．0％ nd 20．93％of the total ptovenanes,respectively n he wo ials,eqti切dM to SdSCdOO WOllS沏I"1．2耳2 Sd＝1．343．砌Mpo VCll8llCVS,18355alld 1828吕, were al...