An Emotional Journey Through Competition:The Effects Of Competitionshadow On Rival Estimation,Innovation,And Performance

Scientists have not yet formulated a statement of the concept of the psychology of competition that is rigorous enough to be of use in the sy stematic study of this important social phenomenon. By defining competition shadow, we investigate the influence of trait anxiety and competition shadow on rival estimation, state anxiety, and performance. We develop a nuanced perspective on the effects of competition on rival estimation by integrating trait anxiety, importance, and uncertainty of outcomes. Furthermore, we merged the competition shadow theory and spiritual capital theory to explain why estimation of rivals is varied across people, groups, companies and even nations. Throughout the laboratory experimental method, we examine the moderating influence of spiritual capital on trait anxiety and rival estimation. Using an experimental method, we examine the influence of environmental turbulence on rival estimation and ultimately performance while evaluating to the moderating effect of spiritual capital on competition shadow and rival estimation. The results of structural equation modeling using Warp PLS reveal that a fusion effect of trait anxiety and competition shadow lower than the threshold would increase the performance of individuals performing the cognitive task.Conversely, overestimating rivals increases competitive state anxiety and dramatically decreases performance. The experimental data offer insights into the emotional identification processes underlying the distinct effects of competition on cognitive performance. By acknowledging that different rival estimation is elicited by various competitive situation in the environment, the results also suggest that differences in competition shadow affected by spiritual capital of entities to predict an emerging threat of emerging rival. We have also identified two different patterns of rival estimation between low and high spiritual capital subjects. This thesis thus offers major contributions to the fields of both strategy and management. Also, this study could shed lights on the comparative judgment literature and cultural differences.Furthermore, I examine the positive outcome of Competition Shadow(CS) on subsequent creative tasks. I propose that CS induces a higher level of arousal, which in turn, positively influences subsequent creative performance. I experimentally examine the positive relationship between CS and creative performance on two of three creativity measures. Results suggest that CS improves creative performance indirectly through arousal. I also explore polychronicity(one‘s dispositional preference for multitasking) as a moderator of this relationship. Finally, I discuss these results and the theoretical and practical implications of this research in the context of current academic research.To examine the effect of competition shadow on the configuration of resources, we conduct a survey research in the country under sanction with the minimum competition shadow due to lower levels of uncertainty of outcomes. The entrepreneur must deliver personal strengths to the firm and convert these individual strengths into organizational strengths regardless of the technology level to lead firm to a unique advantage. The entrepreneur knowledge provides a basis for continued growth in value of the resource bundle and leveraging one resource to achieve another. We take Iran as a country under economic sanctions which confronts restricting international communication, increasing investment risks, reducing technological imports, and paralyzing bank systems conclude to resource constraint while the Iranian technology ventures are developing simultaneously. Little is yet known about how the technol ogy ventures configure resources under low CS. Drawing upon the resource-based view(RBV) and absorptive capacity of the firm, this study explains how the interplay between firm‘s resources affects performance under a different level of CS. We tested our model using survey data from Iranian technology firms. Results from PLS-SEM analyzes demonstrates a unique effect of the CS and resource limitation to the resource configuration of firms, in that the impact of entrepreneurs‘ knowledge, social and political network on firm performance is strongest when financial resources are either low or high. In this research, we strive to understand the required vital resources for developing new ventures in low CS and also aim to decipher how one bundle of resource can b e leveraged to acquire another.Moreover, individual resources can overcome the liability of newness and impact technology firm performance through development of organizational resources and financial resources. Interestingly, we do not find any significa nt impact of financial resources on technology firm performance.