Research On The Anti-poverty In Rural Areas Of Gansu Province With The Objective Of Comprehensive Well-off Society

Shaking off poverty and achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism, which is a sacred goal of Communist Party of China governing and constructing the country. The report of the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC proposed the task of realizing the comprehensive well-off society in 2020 year namely the 100 anniversary of the CPC founding. In the critical period when the time point is getting closer and closer the western and rural areas become the difficulty of building the comprehensive well-off society. The western concentrated poverty rural areas have become the difficulty of difficulties. In order to solve the difficult problem, at present the poverty alleviation and development has become the focus and difficulty of the government work in the poor areas. Xi Jin-ping pointed out that we must hurry up to try our best to do poverty alleviation and development work well, and never let the poor areas and poor people fall behind.This article starts from the requirements of the comprehensive well-off society construction. The study is based on the well-off society strategy thought and the theory on countryside and peasant problem contained in Marxist fundamental principles. The article elaborates a series of theoretical achievements built by the Communist Party of Chinese on the problems of Chinese agriculture, countryside and farmers under the conditions of socialism. On the basis of theoretical analysis, combining with the foreign theory study and practical experience on poverty problem, this article try to make comprehensive and in-depth analysis on the history, achievements, experience, current situation, obstacles, problems and the corresponding precise poverty alleviation,sustainable overcoming anti-poverty in Chinese western countryside where can be represented by the poor countryside of Gansu province. These questions are key ones. The study aims to provide a beneficial reference for accomplishing the goal of comprehensive building a well-off society through the analysis on the example.As a typical western region, Gansu province has a large number of poor rural populations with high poverty incidence and deep poverty extent. The characteristic of regional concentration is significant. The national rankings of rural per capita net income lived the bottom in the past years. It is difficult to get off poverty and the returning poverty rate is high. This area has become one of the main battlefields of the national poverty alleviation and development and a typical representative in the western region of China. At present, for Gansu Province’s realizing the comprehensive well-off society the dominant difficulty lies in the economic development lags behind, especially the low per capita income level. Succeeding in poverty alleviation and development is significant to promote the level of realizing the comprehensive well-off society goal.In order to scientifically understand the problem of poverty in rural areas of Gansu province in all its aspect and find out scientific ways to solve, we need to sort out and analyze the concerned basic theories. Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics contains abundant scientific theory on poverty, countryside, agriculture, farmer, urban-rural relation, and so on, which have laid good foundation and provided the method guidance for our study on the problem of rural poverty and development. Many domestic and foreign scholars have studied poverty problem from the perspective of economics, sociology, and demography, etc. Their theoretical achievement also has provided us with valuable reference.This paper sorts out and analyzes Marx and Engels’ thoughts on rural development and the urban-rural relation, Lenin’s thoughts on rural construction, Mao Ze-dong’s thoughts on rural construction and urban-rural relation, the thought on building a well off society of Deng Xiaoping’s Theory, the scientific Development View as well as “Three Dimensional Rural Issues ” strategy, the new-type urbanization strategy, taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation strategy, etc. that are raised after the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC. At the same time, this paper also has drawn some important academic view on poverty of foreign scholars such as Gunnar Myrdal, Theodore Schultz, and Amartya Sen. These important thoughts are aimed at lying theory basic for scientifically analyzing the poverty alleviation and development in poor rural areas of Gansu. Meanwhile, in order to provide experience reference for improving the poverty alleviation and development cause of Gansu province, this paper also analyzes some foreign successful practical examples such as “the challenges of poverty” plan of the United States, “development pole” of Brazil, micro-credit of Geremi Rural Bank of Bangladesh.Today’s poverty alleviation and development practice is the extension and development of the past’s thinking and practice on anti-poverty. This paper analyzes the main historical anti-poverty measures, achievements and experience based on reviewing the thought and practice of poverty alleviation and development in Gansu province since 1980s’ “two West” construction. In the past 30 years of poverty alleviation and development, Gansu has formed “Gansu Experience” as well as some spiritual wealth as “Gansu spirit”, “five painstaking spirit”, etc.which is of great foundation significance to further enhance the cause of poverty alleviation and development. After 30 years of large-scale rural poverty alleviation and development construction, the economic and social construction of Gansu province’s poor rural areas has achieved remarkable achievements. Many effective measures that have been explored by Gansu people in practice provide the whole nation with valuable experience reference, and have great influence in the anti-poverty field of the world, which have become a major contribution made by Gansu people for the mankind.Poverty is the result of the interaction of multiple factors. The external performance and forming reasons have the characters of compound and multiplicity. Poverty not only lies in inadequate economic income, but also is reflected in all aspects of rural life. The essence of poverty is that the entire social modernization development lags behind. We can’t discuss poverty on the poverty. But we should understand the rural poverty from the perspective of “three rural issues” and modernization transformation. For concentrated poverty countryside of Gansu province, the poverty is outstandingly manifested in two aspects: area and population. From the perspective of area, rural poverty is the result of multiple factors that interweave and interact with each other. The factors mainly include poor geographic capital, poor infrastructure, poor social service, poor historical foundation, poor production capacity, poor management, poor social governance, poor customs and habits, and so on. Especially under the influence of rapid urbanization and the relative economic interests from small scale family agriculture falling, a large number of young and middle-aged rural labor force outflow in the poverty area, the agricultural labor force aging is deepening day by day. Some social problems such as “left-behind children”, “left-behind women”, and “empty nest elderly” come along. The “hollowing” of poverty village is deepening. Its self-development ability has been weakened. From the perspective of the population, the poverty lies in the shortage of cultural quality, the family burden, physical and mental health, thought ideas, and so on. However, the poverty factors of every poor household aren’t identical and their development needs vary widely. Although poverty alleviation and development has experienced for many years and the government has invested a lot of manpower and material resources, the poverty alleviation and development policy system itself is facing many contradictions and implementation difficulties. The inherent contradictions that exist between the poverty alleviation and the development, between the government and the market, between fairness and efficiency, between investment and demand, etc. and the outstanding problems such as large fund shortfall, insufficient social participation, and poor resources integration deeply restrict the further development of poverty alleviation and development. In order to further promote the poverty alleviation and development of the areas and accelerate the pace of the construction of the comprehensive well-off society, we objectively need to further bring social forces together, focus on the poor areas, aim at the main bottleneck and take differentiated targeted assistance measures. Meanwhile, we should take all-round, multi-level measures from the aspects of development goal, impetus, environment, route, guarantee, etc. to perfect the measure system. Together with further increasing resources input, we should improve the institutional mechanisms, expand the development paths and stimulate endogenous impetus.