Study On The Development Of SMEs Clusters In The U.S.

The U.S. is the most outstanding representative in the development of SMEs clusters in the world. Creating SMEs cluster in the U.S. mainly relies on market forces. The market can integrate the important cluster elements such as colleges and universities, research institutes, intermediary organizations, financial institutions and non-financial institutions. However, the government is the indirect participator by making some laws, policies and measures to support the clusters’ development.The enterprises achieve intermediary, technology, the upstream and downstream industry chain information from the cluster.Although the state governments follow their own laws, the strategy of the SMEs cluster is unified. Different SMEs cluster has its unique arrangement of internal regulations. It is under the market-driven, combined with national legislation and government departments’ macroeconomic policies that the US SMEs clusters’ development has a significant and profound impact on its economic capabilities and the overall promotion of SMEs.First of all, the U.S. SMEs clusters improve the competitiveness of enterprises. with the Development of internal division of labor and cooperation in SMEs clusters, the overall costs of enterprises reduce significantly and their market share expands, adequate internal information flowing make the birth of new products easier,which meet the diverse needs of the market. The industrial cluster brought about Positive economic effect, make the enterprises have the ability to avoid negative effects, and make the enterprises more vitality.Secondly, the development of SMEs clusters in the U.S. enhances the financing ability of enterprises. On the one hand, as an important mode of production organization, SMEs clusters have many functions such as reinforcing corporates credit rating, reducing the credit service risk and cost providing by financial institutions, improving financing convenience within the group corporate,which can help SMEs overcome to a certain extent financial constraints. On the other hand, the U.S. in promoting SMEs clusters development, a series of important institutional arrangements, for example, facilitate the establishment and improvement of legislation, financing SMEs credit guarantee system, the formation of the financial system innovation and incentive mechanism.Thirdly, the development of SMEs clusters in the U.S. improves the innovation ability of enterprises. Companies in clusters can perceive strong innovation incentives, if a company in the group, which is in an innovative step ahead of competitors, will be the first to know and react quickly. Clusters form a network that promotes innovation, technology and market information spread in companies, Enterprises can quickly adopt new technologies.Companies in clusters can easily obtain the required conditions for innovative goods and related partners involved in the innovation process is also easy, timely response to market changes and demands.The main reason for the success of SMEs clusters in the U.S. is the successful establishment of the three development mechanisms: Entrepreneurship mechanism, innovation network mechanism and collective learning mechanism.The entrepreneurship mechanism includes three parts: venture capital mechanism, business incubator mechanism and entrepreneurship education mechanism. In creating a risk investment mechanism, we must pay attention to the level of risk capital, in addition, a risk enterprise can have more than one external investors, so that they can supervise each other. Business incubator is another very effective tool in the entrepreneurial mechanism. The key factor of incubator success is to have a fair income distribution policy. The core of entrepreneurship education mechanism lies in the improvement of self efficacy. Self efficacy of a person to believe that they have the ability to engage in certain activities have an important impact, in addition, the improvement of self-efficacy will enhance the sense of achievement motivation.The second development mechanism of SMEs clusters in the U.S. is the innovation network mechanism. What an important reason for the success of the innovation network and not the individual groups, but they in what way do, and doing things that way is the foundation of efficient operation of SMEs cluster innovation network can. At the same time, in order to realize the function of the region innovation continue to enhance and economic vitality, to avoid due to the closed area network leads to the "technology lock", requires that the regional innovation network is an open system, regional actors in the regional cooperation and interaction at the same time, continue to build regional innovation network, and extra regional innovation main body to connect, especially connected with the broader global and national innovation network.SMEs cluster in the U.S. is easy to produce a lot of innovation and entrepreneurship, the important reason is that the whole cluster formed a collective learning mechanism. The mechanism of collective learning and innovation network mechanism are both connected and differentiated. The innovation network framework emphasizes the importance of non enterprise organizations and organizations, while the collective learning mechanism emphasizes the strength and network. Collective learning mechanism requires enterprises share knowledge in three areas: one is, prerequisite for learning and need to establish a talk about the common language of the technical and organizational problems, which for collaborative innovation is indispensable. The two is that a more rigorous technology or engineering sort of sharing of knowledge, so that different companies in the technical project for effective cooperation. The third kind of Shared knowledge is organizational, namely how to divide responsibility in different professions or service, or what procedures need to ensure the consistency of collective decision-making.In China, the development of SMEs has been as stimulating economic growth, protect and improve people’s livelihood, maintaining social stability of the major strategic task. Since the party’s 18, the State Council issued a special lot of guidance to increase supporting for SMEs. Overall, it has considerably improved the environment for SMEs development. But the impact of sustainable development of SMEs can not be ignored, such as less competitive, poor financing, lack of innovation and other issues. At home and abroad proved that cluster development is the most effective way to solve the above problems. Therefore, the study of SMEs clusters in the U.S.,on the status of the development, operating mechanism and the mechanism of action, drawing on their experience and lessons, as we would use to nurture and grow our SMEs clusters, establish a sound system of policies to support SMEs enhance their quality and development capacity which has important theoretical and practical significance.