| Compiling poetry anthology is a kind of socio-cultural behavior influenced by various and complex factors. Those factors include the forms, styles, and themes of the poems; the cultural levels, life experiences, literary interests, and politic tendency of compliers and readers; even cultural customs of the entire society. It can be said that the compiling of general poetry anthology is the result of the interactions of poetry, compliers, readers, and socio-cultural influences. The poetry anthology is a window to better understand the poetries and the ages. It is an indispensible content in poetry study. It reflects people’s understanding of poetry in specific period, and also reveals numerous information of cultural context of poetry. As literary researchers, we need to be clear about the true situation of exists of poetries in the fading history of civilization, and the association between men and poetry, poetry and society among the socio-cultural structures. It is the only way to better realize the essence of Chinese poetry and explore the evolution of ancient and modern Chinese poetry in depth. Based on the analysis of the compilations of ancient and modern Chinese poetry, this dissertation tries to clearly lay out the complex and tridimensional image in cultural context of poetry. The full text divided into two parts.The first part mainly focuses on teasing the classical poetry anthology in time series and states out the characters of cultural context of poetry in various historical stages before the emergence of new collection of poetry. It was the age of book of songs and the beginning of compiling the poetry anthology in Qin-Han Dynasties. Thus, those constitutions of compiling presented for the first time. The most important one is that the partition of Feng and Song in book of songs had impacted the compiling of the poetry anthology in Han Dynasty, and there were full of Politics-religion and Entertaining God in cultural context of poetry. It was the period of entertainment in Wei and Sui Dynasties. The attention of compilation shifted from former Politics-religion and Entertaining God to poetry itself and people’s living custom. It was a connecting link between the preceding and the following. Chinese classical poetry made a mature development from Sui-Tang to Song-Yuan Dynasties. Literati in Tang Dynasty were confident in interpreting connotation of Feng and Ya through compilation of collections, and multidimensional presented the refulgence of Tang Poems in individual compiling styles. According to the compilation, it indicates that poetry fully entered into the daily life of literati in Tang Dynasty. Poetry could be used to send off the guests and decorated a poetic living. What’s more, the poetry could even take the responsibility in revitalizing family. The compilation of collections shows different characters from literati of Song to those of Tang. Literati manifested great interests in collection of poems especially those of time-space aspect in Song Dynasty. They believed that region was the emerging field of classical works, history works, philosophical works, and belles-lettres of the four traditional divisions of Chinese library. They compiled the regional poetry anthology based on the thought of historiography, and transformed the physical geography into human geography in Tang Dynasty. Furthermore, literati and scholars permeated the temperament of urbanity and decorum in the compilation, and toke high light in details of study and strength of moral situation. In a way of collecting the anthology, literati of Song Dynasty presented the faction of poetry, established the principle of poetics, and taught poetry. It was the beginning of the following compilation. General poetry anthology and classical poetics had been waiting for the conclusion since it was a period of summarization and transformation in Chinese feudal culture during Ming and Qing Dynasties. Thus, numerous complete and perfect general collections emerged intensively. The editors totally gathered the poetries and poets consciously using the document methods. This was a summarization of the achievement of dynastic or general poetry works. At the same time, the compiling system and aesthetic style of general compilation were totally expanded, which was also a summarization of general compilation itself. The inside of Chinese culture gestated new factors at the end of Chinese feudal culture. The collections and works of poetries gradually pay attention to women, children, ballad, and outside world, which finally became the precursors of May4th movement. The evolution of cultural context of poetry has emerged during the course of teasing the classical poetry anthology in time series. Basically, there had been three evolutions. Firstly, Chinese literature transited from Politics-religion and Entertaining God to entertaining human beings and literature. Secondly, the main body of culture shifted from nobles to elites, and finally civilians. Thirdly, Chinese poetic developed from domestic context into international one.In1920, China’s first poetry collection, New Poetry Anthology, was born. Since then, Chinese poetry compile came into a coexistent period of the compilation of classical and new poetry collection, which is the content of the next part in the text. General compilations of poetry of coexistent period are often ignored by researchers of ancient, modern and contemporary literatures. During this period, each Chinese general compilation of classical and new poetry collection has its own character. For the classical general compilation during the year of1920-1949, it not only focused on the re-interpretation of the previous generation classic collection, the division of content categories, the region of the poetry and the poet, but also concerned about the collecting of communicating poetry and the compiling of poetry society unit, which performed the new features of the times while continued the traditional. But, in this period, the new poetry general collection was in the stage of "Trying". It inherited the compilation method from the traditional poetry collection of the category division, the analysis of poetry character, and the codification according to the poetry society unit. Compare with the classical poetry collection, the compilation of general new poetry collection no longer focus on the communicating poetry, sib poetry, and children educational poetry, and it is far away form the modern life. The new poetry hasn’t yet took up the heritage of family civilization, the traditional poems education spirit had already disappeared from the education of new poetry. However, a great deal of new poetry anthologies emerged in comic, internet, and western and Chinese collections. New poems have closely linked to new painting, media and western poetry, which supplied an opportunity for the existence and development of new poems. The paradox of New Culture Movement, the valid controversy of new poems, and unsteadiness grounding of modernity determined that classical poetry and new poems, classical poetry anthology and new poem anthology will be coexist in long time. During the coexistent period, classical poetry and new poetry anthology tend to convergence, because they were in the same cultural context. In the case of the year1920-1949, advocating vernacular, pursuing love, nation peril, and rising of novels all acted on creation of poetry and compiling of poetry anthology. The coexistence period was also a synchronic flat roof, where we can make transvers comparison on classical poetry and modern one. In comparing the category of Ying Kui Lv Sui, a classical poetry anthology, and Appreciation Class of Chinese New Poems in20th Century, a modern new poetry anthology, it clearly indicates the difference between classical poetry and new poems when they were involved in living experiences. What’s more, it shows the adjustment of the men and the world, the breaking up of conventional order, and the receding of poetry life according to the poetry context.
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