Study Of The Vulnerability-Stress Models Of Depression In Chinese Undergraduates

Objective: (1) To develop Chinese translation of a set ofassessments scales about diathesis-stress of depression and evaluate theirreliability and the validity. (2) To test the validity of the Vulnerability-Stress model of depression in Chinese undergraduates. (3) To explore theintegrated Vulnerability-Stress model of depression in Chineseundergraduates and take culture factors into account.Method: (1) The original version of a set of assessments scalesabout diathesis-stress of depression was provided by Abela professor inMcGill University and these scales were translated into Chinese byinvestigators. Then, the two bilingual translators in McGill universitymodified these translations, and a final versions were approved by bothof them after repeated back-translation.647 undergraduate studentsfinished the Chinese version of 13 scales in time one. The reliabilityanalysis included the Cronbach's coefficient, the mean inter-itemcorrelation coefficient and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlationcoefficient).The validity analysis included construct validity (the totalscale and subscale inter-correlations and several indexes of themaximum-likelihood confirmatory factor analysis). (2) A follow-upassessment in 1 month later, the GSASHS (General Social and AcademicHassles Scale for Students) scale and CES-D (Center for EpidemiologicStudies Depression Scale) scale were completed. Then, vulnerabilityfactors for depression symptoms were used to predict depressionsymptoms by Multiple Hierarchical Regression (MHR). Path Analysisand Structural Equation Model (SEM) were used to explore integratedVulnerability-Stress model of depression in Chinese undergraduates.Result: (1) The set of scales about diathesis-stress of depressionexhibited Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.7 and the meaninter-item correlation than 0.6(F was statistics significantly). (2) TheGFIs(≥0.90),CFIs(≥0.90), IFIs(≥0.90) and RMSEAs(＜0.1) of the setof scales all met the adequacy of fit standards., which respectively,confirmatory analysis for four-factor structure of the CSQ, eight-factorstructure of the DAS, five-factor structure of ASQ, three-factor structureof RSQ, three-factor structure of GASHSS, seven-factor structure ofAI,four-factor structure of ICS and four-factor structure of CESD.(3) vulnerability-stress interaction was enter into regression equation, Theresults show that the vulnerability-stress interaction provide incrementalpredictive validity to depressive symptoms (sigΔF=0.00). (4)Pathanalysis show that culture factor→insecurity attachment→negativecognition→rumination→depression was a important pathways to causedepression (β=0.12,P＜0.01). (5) The structural equation model forintegrated Vulnerability-Stress model of depression analysis indicatedthe fit indices: GFI=0.95, CFI=0.94, IFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.085.(6)culturefactor as predict variable was entered into regression equation forpredictor depression but it was no statistics significantly (ΔR=0.00ΔF=0.96,P=0.43).Conclusion: (1) The set of scales about diathesis-stress ofdepression exhibited rightly internal consistency. The GFIs,CFIs, IFIsand RMSEAs of the set of scales all met the adequacy of fit standards,which confirmatory four-factor structure of the CSQ, eight-factorstructure of the DAS, five-factor structure of ASQ, three-factor structureof RSQ, three-factor structure of GASHSS, seven-factor structure ofAI,four-factor structure of ICS and four-factor structure of CESD,respectively, and supported these scales of construct validity. The set ofassessment scales was appropriate for assessing diathesis-stress ofdepression in china. (2) The results of this study in Chineseundergraduates affirm the theory of Vulnerability-Stress model ofdepression, the vulnerability-stress interaction could incrementalsignificantly power to depressive symptoms. (3) Path analysis show thatculture factor→insecurity attachment→negative cognitionrumination→depression was a important pathways to cause depression(4)To take culture factors into account and A integratedVulnerability-Stress model of depression in Chinese undergraduates wasprovided and to be confirmed. (5) Culture factor was indirect effect todepression and could not incremental predictive validity to futuredepression.