The Nerve Cytoskeletal Protein Injury And Corresponding Mechanism Induced By Acrylamide

Monomeric acrylamide (ACR) is a water-soluble, vinyl monomer that is used primarily to produce polyacrylamides which widely used as binding agent, thickening agent or bibulous in different industry such as wastewater treatment, petroleum extract, paper making, mining, medicine. The requirement of ACR is enhancing with the rapid developmemt of petroleum industry. In addition, ACR is widely found in potato- based and grain-based foods that have been prepared at high temperature (e. g., French fries, potato chips and some breads) .Although experimental animal studies have implicated carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity as possible consequences of ACR exposure, neurotoxicity is the only outcome confirmed by epidemiological studies on occupationally exposed population group. ACR is known to produce central-peripheral distal axonopathy, which is characterized by ataxia and distal skeletal muscle weakness. The major pathological hallmarks are distal swellings and secondary degeneration both in experimental animals and human companioning excessive accumulation of neurofilaments (NFs) in the distal swollen axon. However, the mechanisms of ACR axonopathy remain unknown.Although limited previous studies have demonstrated that ACR increased NF-L, NF-M contents and their mRNA levels without affecting those of NF-H in PC12 cell or rat' s spinal cord, the contributions of cytoskeletal proteins and their mechanisms of action in ACR axonopathy haven' t been demonstrated in detail.Focusing on the nerve cytoskeleton injuries and its molecular...