Malaria is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases with approximately 300 to 500 million cases of infection yearly resulting in approximately 2 million deaths. Of the four species that cause malaria in humans, Plasmodium. falciparum is the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the development of a safe and effective erythrocytic stage vaccine against P. falciparum remains a major public health obstacle, mainly due to lack of extensive antigens that induce protective immunity in population, to incomprehensive knowledges of the complexity of the life span, and finaly due to the inproper animal models to identify and characterize protective antigens of P. falciparum, for which the human red blood cells are the only parasiting venue in blood stage. Meanwhile, mouse model has been intruduced into the malaria vaccine reasearch years before, turning out an effective tools in the vaccine, immunology and drug screens of malaria.
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