| Objectives: To investigate hippocampal neuronal damage and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression model rats and pathologically and molecular biologically anti-depressive mechanisms and clinical possibility of Bao Shen Tang , a Chinese traditional herb prescription.Methods: 90 adult male Wista rats were randomly divided into four groups, the control group, the model group, the prevention group and the treatment group. Further, the prevention and the treatment group rats were classified into three groups separately, high concentration, low concentration of Bao Shen Tang and positive control group. Rat depression models were established by lonely raising and chronic unpredictable mild stress method. To prevent and treat neuronal damage, depression model rats were administered by Bao Shen Tang, using fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules as positive control.The changes of rat behavior were determined using open-field test and sucrose solution consumption test. Ultrastructural changes of the rat hippocampal neurons were observed by electron microscope. Apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons were detected employing the TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemistry and situ hybridization were used to determine BDNF , Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to measure BDNF Mrna expression. SPSS11.0 software was used for statistical comparisons (t test and one-way analysis of variance). All data were expressed as means ± SD. And a p value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.Results: Both high and low concentrations of Bao Shen Tang have preventive and treatment effect on depressive state and neuronaldamage. There was no significant difference between prevention group and treatment group.Analysis of behavior changes and one percent of sucrose solution consumption test; Administration of Bao Shen Tang and fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules improved depressive behavior (reduced activity ability and stimulation loss) and sucrose solution uptake (reaction anhedonia) in depression model rats (p<0. 05).There is no significant difference among groups (p>0.05).Morphological analysis of the hippocampal neurons: Under the light lens: It is obvious that hippocampi area prick cell arrange tidy , administrative levels is compactness, the Neis body is deep to dye in the group of high concentration of Bao Shen Tang. The low dosage of a prick cell arranges more close, the cell number has decreased, the Neis body is shallow to dye. positive control group and model a prick cells arrange lax, cell imperfection, the Neis body is shallow to dye even fuse, observed from the electricity lens : Model group differ chromatin increasing, coming together, cell organ quality inside the cell afterbirth obviously reducing, nucleus assume irregular form, accidentally seeing apoptotic body exist; positive control group also sees the cell nucleus transforms, the differ chromatin gathering, the cell organ is not abundant; The high and low concentration of Bao Shen Tang in prevent, cures group all can be obviously ameliorative above changing , particularly regard high concentration group as obvious, see the nucleus assume circular, the karyotheca is clear, cell organ inside the afterbirth quality abundant, differ dye the quality is partial to many, assume the conglomeration form.RT-PCRanalysis: mRNA levels of BDNF of the hippocampal neurons in Bao Shen Tang-treated rats, in particular, in high concentration of Bao Shen Tang-treated rats, were significantly increased (p<0. 05) compared with those of the hippocampal neurons in depression model and positive control rats.Iimnunohistochemical and situ hybridization analysis of BDNF and apoptosis-related genes: BDNF and anti-apoptotic Bc1-2 gene expression was markedly increased (p<0.05)In contrast, Bax expression was significantly decreased in the hippocampal neuronsof Bao Shen Tang-treated rats compared with those in positive control and depression model rats.Histological analysis with TUNEL method: The number of TUNEL-positive h...
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