Mechanism Of Liver Sinusoid Capillarization In Schistosomiasis Japonica

Schistosiomiasis's epidemic range was among 76 countries and regions. At present, more than 600 million people were threatened, and 194.7 million people were infected. It is estimated that at least 20 thousand people die from schistosomiasis every year. Recently, schistosomiasis seems to reappear around our country and the morbidity still remains high. Now, according to experts, the number of chronic schistosomiasis patients amounts to above 1 million. Thus it is still necessary and tough to supervise and treat schistosomiasis. Liver fibrosis is the main cause leading to death and complication of schistosomiasis japonica. Previously, we thought that liver fibrosis could resolve after chemotherapy with praziquantel. In recent years, according to animal experiments, clinical research and investigation at spot, we found that the degree of liver fibrosis of some patients increased even after treatment.The normal hepatic sinusoid wall consists of sinusoidal endothelia cells (SEC). The membrane of SEC is discrete and there are many core, whose diameters are about 100nm long, called fenestration, in the SEC membrane. Liver sieve structure consists of many fenestrations. Compared with other endothelia cells, SEC has not septum and base membrane (BM) below, thus nutrition and oxygen can transport freely between hepatic cells and liver sinusoid blood. But when liver fibrosis takes place, the fenestrations in SEC are lost and BM formed, which was named for capillarization of liver sinusoid by Schaffner and Popper firstly in 1963. Capillarization of liver sinusoid is not only an vital pathological phenomenon during the development of fibrosis but also plays directly role in the pathophysiological function, which leads to liver function damage and makes liver fibrosisprogress rapidly. It is a focus to study the mechanism of sinsoids capillarization formation and its relationship with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in liver diseases. At present, there is no study on capillarization of sinusoid in liver fibrosis resulted from schistosomiasis japonica, while studies were widely on liver fibrosis caused by other agents such as chemicals or viruses. The main aspects were the mechanism of loss of fenstration in SEC, elements of base membrane, the course of capillarization of liver sinusoids, the results of capillarization of sinusoids and the question whether capillarization of sinusoids was reversible or not. It has important academic value and may provide theoretical bases for treatment supervision, prognosis evaluation and differential diagnosis to explore mechanism of liver sinusoid capillarization in schistosomiasis japonica. The purposes of our study are firstly to confirm the sinusoid capillarization in the patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonicum, secondly, to establish BALB/c mice liver fibrosis model infected by cercaria of schistosoma japonicum to observe the course of development of sinusoid capillarization and features in pathology. At last, to explore whether sinusoid capillarization is reversible or not after treated with praziquantel and antifibrotic agent (IFN)Part 1Study on liver sinusoid capillarization in the patients with Advanced schistosomiasis JaponicumObjectiveTo study whether liver sinusoid capillarization really existed in the patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonicum and explore its relationship with the degree of hepatic fibrosis and liver function.MethodsLiver biopsy specimens were examined pathomorphologically in 26 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonicum and 5 healthy to get to know the degree of liver fibrois by semi-quantity. Immunohistochemisty staining was used to detect the positive results by location and quantity with mouse anti human C-IV monoclonal antibody and rabbit anti human LNpolyclonal antibody. Serum HA was measured by RIA and some liver function indexes were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer, Among them, the ultramicrostructure of the fresh specimens of 5 patients and 2 healthy were observed by transmission electron mic...