Experimental Study On Tissue Engineering For Peripheral Nerve Repair

Peripheral nerve injury is a relatively common consequence of trauma and tumor surgery. Its surgical management remains a major challenge for the clinical team. Important advances in microsurgery have provided with the technical skills required to repair peripheral nerve injures. The clinical treatment of a severed peripheral nerve involves the use of an autologous nerve graft to bridge a larger defect The success of regeneration, however, can be variable and functional recovery is rarely complete. It is unlikely that improved clinical results (i.e., recovery of muscle and sensory function) will come from further progress in microsurgical procedures. Instead, the development of more advanced techniques for nerve repair is now limited by a working knowledge and understanding of the details of the biology and chemistry of nerve regeneration. The quality of donor grafts may be insufficient to guide and support axonal regeneration. Furthermore, nerve autografting involves sacrificing one or more functioning nerves, and sequelae include loss of sensation, scarring, and possible neuroma formation. In addition, the limited availability of donor tissue represents a severe problem. To avoid these problems, more attention has been focused on the development of substitutes for conventional nerve autograft. Attempts to find alternative conduits have been numerous. Some methods even have been used clinically for short nerve defect repair, the failure of axonal regeneration has been evident with increasing gap length. None of all alternative substitutes has proven to be as effective as autologous nerve grafts. It has been suggested that this poor axonal regeneration due to lack of viable Schwann cells in the graft, resulting in severely impaired regeneration with a decrease in neurotrophic and neurotropic influence. The need for Schwann cell seems to be the critical point for long-distance conduit Schwann cells can serve as a living source of various neurotropic and neurotrophic factors and basement membrane for the regenerating nerve, as well as acting as a substrate on which the axons can elongate. Ideal nerve conduit should provide good microenvironment for regeneration. Tissue engineering in the peripheral nervous system efforts toward a goal to create nerve guidance channels as alternatives to nerve autografts. Guidance channels help direct axons sprouting from the regenerating nerveend, provide a conduit for diffusion of neurotropic and neurotrophic factors secreted by the damaged nerve stumps, and minimize infiltration of fibrous tissue. It should have certain characteristics for successful nerve regeneration: biocornpatible with the surrounding nerve tissues, causing minimal tissue inflammatory reaction, stimulating axonal regeneration through its entire length; and biodegradable as the nerve regenerates. In addition to its biochemical role, each nerve conduit would also benefit from certain mechanical features: manufactured easily, readily available, flexible, and manipulated easily in the surgical setting. Recent insight into the neurosciences, combined with other advances in nerve cell culture, and the development of novel biomaterials, provides optimism for the improved surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injures.The purpose of this study was to make a kind of membrane shape tissue engineering support梈Q membrane, create a tissue engineering nerve conduit with the advantages of large pathways provided by a scroll of ZQ membrane, and the regenerating effect provided by cultured autologous Schwann cells. Moreover, initially attempt to culture adult human Schwann cell.1. Study on ZQ membrane.Select healthy postnatal, obtain the postpartum by-product梐mnion. After a series process, to reserve lamina propria and basement membrane. Repeating freeze-thawed and exposed under Y -ray to remove antigenicity as much as possible. After processed, the nature configuration and component of amnion was retained. This biology derivative is named ZQ membrane. ZQ membrane is a kind of white transparent flexible...