Study On Physical And Chemical Properties,Structure And Biological Active Of The Polysaccharides From Schisandra Chinensis

Schisandra chinensis( Turcz)Baill is One of five varieties of national modernization oftraditional Chinese medicine industry base, Especially schisandrae chinensis is nonsuch inSchisandra chinensis (Turcz)Baill, It contains polysaccharide, etc, Both edible but alsomedicinal,and Widespread nutritional health care function and pharmacological activities. It isthe ideal resources of Industrial development, and Developping prospect is broad.Schisandrachinensis fruit is used as raw materials in this article, Schisandra chinensis polysaccharideextracting technology, purification technology, physical and chemical properties, structure andactivity was studied, It will lay the foundation developping the industrialization ofschisandrae chinensis .Main conclusions are as follows:1. Polysaccharides are extracted by the methods of water extracting, precipitation withalcohol, and the optimum extraction technology is determined by orthogonal experiments.The optimum parameters to extract are as follows: the ratio of water to material 1:30,temperature 100℃, extracting time 3h and extracting times 2. In this condition, the extractionpercent of polysaccharide is 10.62%. With ultrasound -assisted extraction for over 40 minutesThe rate of extracting Polysaccharide would increased to 13.6% from 10.62% The bestcondition that the extraction and alcohol separated : with 5times volume of 95% ethanol for 6hours.2. Five methods are used to remove protein from SCP. The results show that the methodof combining enzyme and Trichloroaceticacid-normal-Butanol is better than others. By using2% protease, the polysaccharide solution is enzymic hydrolysisfor 2 hours in 40℃water andpH5.0, added Trichloroaceticacid-normal-Butanol volume as much as polysaccharide solutionfor 5 times, In this condition ,the content of protein is 0.71mg/g, and the rate of lost thePolysaccharide is 17.03%.3. The decoloration of active carbon and H₂O₂ were studied,the results showed that activecarbon was more effective to decolor SCP than H₂O₂,the optimum conditions were as follows:the decoloration temperature,30℃; pH4.0; the dosage of active carbon, 1%; the decolorationduration, 30 min; The rate of discoloration reach 91.7%4. SCP without protein is separated into four fractions on DEAE-52 celluloseChromatography. They are SCP-Aâ… ,SCP-Bâ… ,SCP-Bâ…¡and SCP-Bâ…¢.The content of them is0.42%,4.83%,4.03% and 1.25%. Then they are purified by SephadexS-300 gel chromatography into SCP-Bâ… ,SCP-Bâ…¡and SCP-Bâ…¢, and After freeze-dried they arehomogeneous tested by cellulose acetate film eletrophoresis and gel filtration on SephadexS-300 column chromatography. The result showed that they was pure component.5. The result of phisical chemical testing is showed that specific rotation of SCP-Bâ… ,SCP-Bâ…¡and SCP-Bâ…¢is +28.0°,+45.0°,+30.0°respectively; The result of X-ray diffractionis showed that they are not crystal, the solubility testing of SCP is showed that they are noteasily dissolved at low temperature and Solubility are less effect by PH. Viscosity propertiesof SCP experiments showed that the viscosity solution of polysaccharides solutionconcentration increases with thickening, Solution viscosity is rreduced with the rise oftemperature, but reversible, Solution viscosity is reduced with the rise of shearing rate ; Byobserving with transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy, SCPpresent Certain shapes state of aggregation in extremely dilute aqueous solution, singlemolecule is linear short clavite, three single chain is spiral together.6. The content of SCP analysis experiment results showed that The contents of uronicacid are 11.03%,10.40% and 9.18% respectively, and The contents of uronic acid of crudeSCP is 2.59%-2.96%; The content of total sugar of them,is 91.3%,90.6% and 89.6%respectively; The element analysis of SCP showed that three kinds of polysaccharides isconstituted by C and H elements, and they don't contain N elements; The molecular weight ofSCP-Bâ… ,SCP-Bâ…¡and SCP-Bâ…¢are estimated to be 27Kda,23Kda,15Kda respectively.7. Gas chromatography analysis results showed that SCP-BI is an acidheteropolysaccharide consisting of Ara, Gal, Glc and GalA in ratio of 2.6:3.1:2.1:1.8. SCP-BI was Studied by the infrared spectrum analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analysis, part acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smithdegradation, methylation,GC and GC-MS analysis method, its molecular structure is:The backbone of SCP-BI wascomposed of (1→5)-linked Ara, (1→6)-linked Gal with 3 branches attached to O-3 of(1→6)-linked Gal and terminated with either Gal (1→3)or Gal(1→4)and Glc(1→4),of Glc and the majority of Gala are distributed in branches. SCP-BI is made ofβ-D-Galactopyranoside; Galaurnic acid and Galaurnic acid exist in lactone and there are twokinds form which isαandβ-configuration.9. The antioxidant properties test result showed that SCP has strong anti-oxidative effectsfor oil.The SCP and Vc on lard and gingili have synergic antioxidative 10. The experiment which studied on the effect of SCP-BI on scavenging·OH^- andO^2-·showed the conclusion that the effect of SCP-BI was obviously on scavenging·OH^- andO^2-·and with the more percent of Polysaccharide was added in, there was good relationbetween the number and the effect. When the percent of Polysaccharide was 35mg/ml, itwould not rise sharply as before and the curve was becoming on level .It has the samefunction to O^2-·,but the effect is not as good as to·OH^-.It has the same function when theamount must be reached to 43.636mg/ml .So the effect of SCP-BI on scavenging·OH^- isbetter than O^2-·.11. Aging model mice induced by D-galactose(100mg/Kg.d) are respectively igrrigatedwith three doses (400mg/Kg.d, 200mg/Kg.d, 100mg/Kg.d) crude polysaccharide dissolved innormal saline for 30 days. The results show that SCP can increase SOD and GSH-P_X activitiesof serum, liver and brain organization, decrease the contents of their MDA. So the resultsindicate that SCPplays an important role in anti-oxidation and anti-decrepit function.12. The results of test reducing weight and fat with SCP showed that:the SCP canobviously reduce the adiposity mice's weight,fat index number, TC, TG, LDL and GLU, andimprove their HDL in blood serum too, So the SCP possesses great functions in reducingweight and fat.13. Pharmaceutical experiments showed SCP administered orally in alloxan-induceddiabetic mice can significantly reduce blood glucose levels (P<0.01)and water intake, andincrease the body weight of diabetic mice compared with alloxan-induced diabetic controlgroup. But no significant influence to of the mice's appetite.14.Taking male mice as experimental objects, the strength increasing swimming modelswere built up. To Study the Functions of SCP Against exercise Fatigue. The results showedthat the Active SCP can increase the contents of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen, reducethe accumulation of blood lactic acid after exhaustion, maintain the blood sugar constant,raisethe activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide in serum, reduce theactivities of creatine kinase and lactatedehydrogenase in serum, and prolong the exhaustingtime of mice and the survival time under hypoxic condition. Compared with controls,prolong the rate at 14.4%～36.8%. It was proved that the Active SCP can alleviate exercisefatigue.