| To explore feasible variety,maturity stage,ensiling treatment for whole crop rice silage and its quality evaluation.Three crop rice varieties(XZX24,XFZ119 and ZFS02)were sown into the same cropland with the same planting technology in 2006. Each variety was sown into three blocks.They were harvested at 79～83d(MS1), 86～89d(MS2),93～96d(MS3) and 98～100d(MS4) after seeding and ensiled with four different ensiling treatments(R group:adding lactobacillus,3×109cfu/t,E group: adding cellulase 2×104u/kgDM,xylanase 6×105 thousand u/kgDM andβ-glucanase 5×105 u/kgDM,R+E group:adding lactobacillus 3×109cfu/t and enzyme preparation as E group together,group:adding no additives but carrier).The whole crop rice were pestled by mallet and then chopped into 3cm～5cm after they were harvested and then ensiled in a 6L polyethylene pot and sealed.Samples were taken and prepared for quality evaluation after they have been stored for 45d in the room at 35℃.Experiment 1.Effect of variety and maturity stage on morphological fractions and chemical compositions of whole crop rice were investigated according to two factorial(3×4) randomized design.The results showed that the crop riceplant height, stem length,head length,leaf area of individual plant and CP content of XZX24 significantly better than that of ZFS02 and XFZ119(p＜0.01).DM production of XZX24 was more than that of ZF802 and XFZ119 and its water content was optimal for ensiling;Plant height and head weight increased with the increase in maturity stages.Stem weight proportion,leaf blade proportion,leaf sheath proportion and leaf area decreased with the increase in maturity stages.Leaf blade to stem weight ratio of MS3 was higher than that of MS1,MS2 and MS4.DM content,DM production, OM content and NDF content increased with the increase in maturity stages and ADF content and buffer capacity decreased with the increase in maturity stages.WSC content of MS3 and MS4 was highly lower significantly than it of MS1 and MS2. There was interaction effect between variety and maturity on morphological characteristics and chemical compositions(p＜0.05).Based on the above data,XZX24 was suitable for silage and optimal harvest time was from MS2 to MS3.Experiment 2.Effect of variety,maturity and ensiling treatment on silage quality of whole crop rice was investigated according to a three factorial(3×4×4) random design.The results showed that whole crop rice silage quality of XZX24 was better than that of ZF802 and XFZ119.Silage quality decreased with the increase in maturity(p＜0.05) and the score of MS1,MS2,MS3 and MS4 was 106.18,94.03, 86.56 and 82.91(full scores was 145).Silage quality was improved when adding lactobacillus or enzyme preparation or the both,but the best silage quality was got by adding the both.Experiment 3.The degradable characteristics of whole crop rice silage was studied by in vitro gas producton technique according to the same design as experiment 2.The results showed that the accumulative gas production of 24hr,the potential gas production and CO2 to CH4 ratio of XZX24 was lower than that of ZF802 and XFZ119(p＜0.05);The accumulative gas production of 24hr of MS2 and MS4 was lower than that of MS1 and MS3.CO2 to CH4 ratio of MS2 was lower than MS1,MS3 and MS4 significantly(p＜0.05).Ensiling treatment didn't affect gas production and fermentation characteristics of whole crop rice silage(p＞0.05).Experiment 4.Effect of maturity stages and ensiling treatments on rumen degradability of whole crop rice silage was investigated by in situ technology according to two factorial(4×4)completely randomized design.The results showed that the effective degradabitity of DM increased with the increase in maturity stages, which suggested that it was improper to harvest too earlier for whole crop rice silage. The optimal harvest time was from MS3 to MS4.Maturity stages didn't affected rumen effective degradability of NDF(p＞0.05).The lumen effective degradability of ADF of MS1 was higher than the other three maturity stages.The rumen effective degradability of N decreased with the increase in maturity stages.The lumen effective degradability of total P of MS4 was lower than that of the other three maturity stages.The effect on the increase in the effective degradability ofDM,N and total P of adding both lactobacillus and enzyme preparation was the best.The effect on the NDF effective degradability of adding lactobacillus or enzyme preparation or both was equal to each other.Experiment 5.Effect of ensiling on whole crop rice straw's DM and NDF were studied according to one factorial completely randomized design by in situ technology(control group was dry whole crop rice straw ).The results showed that ensiling decreased NDF content of whole crop rice staw and increased rumen disappeared ratio at 6hr to 48hr of DM and NDF significantly(p＜0.05).The effective rumen degradability,slowly degradable fraction and its degradable rate of DM and NDF increased significantly by ensiling treatment(p＜0.01).It was suggested that XZX24 was a feasible variety for silage and MS3 was optimal harvest time and adding both lactobacillus and enzyme preparation was improved silage quality and nutrient utilization. |
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