Study On Succession Of Varietal Character And Nutritive Peculiarity Of Wheat In Shaanxi

Based on the wheat produce and status quo of wheat variety alternation research in China, cross-sectional winter wheat varieties form 1940 to 2006 of Guanzhong Plain and Weibei Dry Plateau in Shanxi province were selected, and painted in Yanling and Changwu from 2004 to 2006. Succession characteristics of agronomy traits, dry matter accumulation and transport, filling characteristics, nutrition elements dynamic accumulation of stock and kernel, varieties's nitrogenons utilization efficiency and nitrogenons fertilizers effect to variety were studies. The results were as follows:1. The variety had a principal influence on traits of yield and plant high. With the succession of variety, the 1000 grain weight and yield were increased and harvest index added, the plant high were lower and nodes length were shorten. In Guanzhong Plain, the averge improvement rate of 1000 grain weight, yield, the harvest index respectively was 1.19%, 3.45%; 250%, while the plant high decreased 54.58%, the averge improvement rate was 0.91%. In Weibei Dry Plateau, the data aboved was 1.06%, 1.61%; 240%, the averge improvement rate of plant high was 0.78%.2. In Guanzhong Plain,The effect of group traits to yield were more important than individnality traits in CK, the effect of individnality traits to yield were more improtant than group traits in manure; In Weibei Dry Plateau, 1000 grain weight were more great to yield than other traits. The harvest index to yield had main effect on biomass yield in both regions. The yield and biomass yield of vatieties before 1970's obviously fluctuated with manure, the cultivate factors were important to yield and biomass yield; the moder varieties were stability. Improvd the variety's yield traits were inprotant to increased yield.3. The dry matter weight of nutritive organ were decreased from florescence to maturation, the days of max weight were delay with the variety succession, the xiaoyan 22 and changwu 134 were max weight after florescencn 5-10 days. The transportation weight, move ratio and transportation ratio of nutritive organ increased with variety succession. The weight could add in manure and the varieties before 1970's increased more obviously.4. In filling stage, the kernel cumulant and filling velocity were increased with variety succession. in Guanzhong Plain, the gradually and quickly increasing time were prolong with variety succession; the average and max filling velocity were raised in manure, the effect of middle manure were obvious; the dependability of filling velocity and yield were better, the average filling velocity was the key factor to increasing yield. In Weibei Dry Plateau, the total filling time were prolong with variety succession, the relationship of filling velocity and filling time to yield were positive correlation, the filling time was the key factor to yield.5. In Guanzhong Plain, the nutritive element content were higher in seedling and regrowing stage and lower in boot stage; using N fertilizer could increase the N and P content and the effect were obvious in seedling and regrowing stage and older variety.The N and P content of nutritive organ were higher in heading and florescence and lower in maturation, the manure's effection was more obviously in florescence and to older varieties. The K content of stem and sheath was higher in heading and maturation and was lower in florescence and filling, the K content of leaf was descreasing from heading to maturation. There was no obviously regularity in different stage of nutritive element content. The transportation weight of P in stem and sheath and N, P in leaf were added with variety succession.6. In Guanzhong Plain, the N and P content of kernal were higher in filling initial stage, decreasd with the increment of grain weight in filling intermediate stage, then increased from intermediate to maturation. The K content of kernal were higher in filling initial stage, then decreasd with filling, the dynamic plot could express by Y=A+BX+CX2;The nutritive element content was higher in conditions of higher fertilizers. The nutritive element cumulant were gradually increased with variety succession. The functional relation of nutritive element cumulant and filling day were fiting four order equations. In Weibei Dry Plateau,the dynamic content N in kernal was same as Guanzhong region, the P and K content were higher in filling initial stage, then decreasd with the increment of grain weight in filling. The obsorbed weights of nutritive element average hm2 were gradually increased with variety succession in both regions. The weight of varieties planted before 1970's were obvirously increased.7. The N cumulant in maturation was obviously increased with variety successin in Guanzhong Plain. The N cumulant were increased quickly from seedling to elongation stage, and slowly from elongation to manturation stage. The ratio of seedling cumulant in total cumulant were 15.57%- 33.04% in CK, were 24.32 %-34.57 % in middle manure. The manure could obviously increased N cumulant, the increasing range of Mzhamai were high in different stage in middle manure; the increasing range were higher in high manure than other conditions; the increasing range were more obviously before filling stage in the varieties planted early. The ratios of cumulant before regrowing accounted total cumulant were decreased and the ratios of cumulant from regrowing to maturation accounted total cimulant were increased. The varieties planted more early, the ratio of cumulant before regrowing accounted total cumulant were more higher.The P and K cumulant in maturation was obviously increased with the successin of variety in Guanzhong plain. The ratio of P cumulant before heading accounted total were 65.74%- 100.00% in CK, the P cumulants of varieties planted more early were come from seedling to heading. The K cumulants were come from seedling to elongation. The max value of K cumulants was in elongation stage. Manure could obviously increased P and K cumulant in different stage; the effection was great to varieties planted early.8. In Guanzhong plain, the nitrogen agriculture and physiological efficiency were obviously decreased. The use efficiency of nitrogen raises, then to descend with variety succession. The farmer variety's nitrogen agriculture, use and physiological efficiency were super than present variety. It had higher yield in higher manure; the present variety's less dependended on nitrogen fertilizer. Purely depending on energy input should not increase yield, so the variety important appeared more important.