| Water use efficiency and relative physiology traits play an important role in high potential yield breeding and especially in water saving agriculture in further. 114 wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from (Opata 85×W7984) , were used to study QTLs 33 traits associated with water use efficiency. The results were showed as follows:Two QTLs significantly effecting transpiration efficiency (W, water use efficiency, calculated by photosynthetic rate/transpiration rate), were detected on chromosome 1A and 6D,their relative contribution of additive effect [H^2(A)] was 11．48% and 14．84% respectively. Five QTLs significantly influencing photosynthetic rate (P), their H^2(A) was from 4．99% to 9．38%, locus P3Ba and P6D was closely linking with RFLP markers Xtam47 and XksuD1．Three pairs interaction QTLs had mapped for P, the relative contribution of epistatic effect [H^2(Aij)] of Pi3A-Pi5D was the highest that could explain 49．38% of the total phenotypic variation of P. Only one QTL (El A) and one pair interaction QTLs (Ei2A-Ei2D) was found significant effecting transpiration rate (E), their H^2(A) and H^2(Aij) was 14．31% and 44．76% respectively. The H^2(A) of locus G5B and G6D was 13．19 % and 14．04%, that together explained 27．23% of the total phenotypic variation of stomatal conductance (G). Five QTLs were identified for CO concentration of intercellular (C), the four alleles (ClBa,ClBb,ClBc and ClBd) of them were located from chromosome 1B. Three QTLs were found on just only A genome that affecting leaf temperature (T); three pairs interaction QTLs infulencing T were identified among T3A-T3D,T3A-T6A,T7A-T7B.Seven QTLs significantly affecting the amount of water used of per plant (PW), five QTLs were mapped on A genome (1A, 2A, 3A, 5A), two QTLs were located on B genome (2B, 6B); two pairs interaction QTLs infulencing PW were identified among 1A-6A and 4B-5B. Ten QTLs significantly affecting water use efficiency of per plant (Dry weight of biology yield/ amount of water used of per plant, BD/PW), two QTLs were located on A genom (4A, 7A), 4 QTLs were mapped on B genome (3B, 5B); 4 QTLs were mapped on D genome (3D, 6D). Six QTLs significantly affecting overground water use efficiency (Dry weight of stem and leaves / amount water used of per plant, SLD/ PW), two QTLs were identified on A genome(2A, 4A), three QTLs were located on B genome(3B), one QTL was mapped on chromosomes 6D. Two pairs interaction QTLs infulencing SLD/PW were identified among chromosome 1A-1D and 4A-5A . Seven QTLs significantly affecting underground water use efficiency (Dry weight of root / amount water used of per plant, RD/ PW), three QTLs were mapped on A genome (2A, 3A, 4A ), 4 QTLs were mapped on B genome( 2B, 3B, 5B). Three pairs interaction QTLs infulencing RD/PW were identified among 3A-3D, 3A-6A and 7A-7B.Eight QTLs significantly affecting root area (A), five QTLs were located on A genome (2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and 7A), two QTLs were mapped on D genome (3D), and one QTL identified on B genome (3B) respectively. Four QTLs mapped on 3 homoeologous chromosomes. One pair of interaction QTLs (A2A-A5A) was found affecting root area. Ten QTLs were identified for total root length (L), it was notable that six QTLs were mapped on 1 homoeologous chromosomes, four QTLs were mapped on 1B chromosome; three QTLs were identified on 6 homoeologous chromosomes. One pair of interaction QTLs (L2A-L5A) was found affecting root length, it was interesting that the same loci on 5A chromosome (Xfba190-Xfbb255) had epistatic effect on total root area and length with near different loci (Xbcd1184-Xfbb226, Xfbb329-Xfba300) on the same chromosome 2A. Five QTLs were detected significant affect root diameter (D), there were two QTLs were mapped on the same chromosome 1B. It was notable that L6Ab and D6A loci were mapped between the same RFLP markers interval Xpsr10-XksuH14, that controlled root length and root diameter. No interaction QTLs significant affected root diameter was identified out.
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