Dynamics Of Landscape Patterns And Ecological Benefits Of The Forests At Huoditang Forest Region

Long-term fixed observation is a way to study and reveal dynamic regulations of the structure and function of ecosystem. Both the dynamic and impetus of ecosystem and environmental factors in different periods and evaluation of ecological value of ecosystem services are the important parts of study on structure and function of ecosystem. On the basis of the former studies and using the data of forest resources inventory at Huoditang forest region in the Qinling Mountains in 1958, 1999 and 2004, techniques of GIS software and quantity analyze were adopted to study the landscape types, feature, the dynamic of landscape pattern and the way how human activities impact on the landscape patterns during the three periods. At the same time, the methods of Market Price, Opportunities Cost, Shadow Price and Replacement Engineering were taken to evaluate the ecological value of ecosystem services of the main forest ecosystems. By this way, not only can the artificial impact on structure and function of the forest ecosystem be revealed, but also the fundamental data and theory be obtained for the construction of the forest region, protection of the forest resources and evaluation accurately on the function of forests in globe changes. Investigation data collected in the threee periods were analyzed by the ways of quantity ecology, landscape ecology, BP network, Markov model and ecosystem evaluation. The results are as follows:1. Topography could influence on thermal conditions, light, water, and thereby the vegetation pattern. Elevation was an important factor of topography directly affecting the distribution of temperature, the slope position and gradient relevant to the water condition of small scale topography, and the exposure of slope and the hillslope which decided the light conditions. Elevation affected vegetation patterns at landscape level, the other factors at patch level. As a result, the probability that the topography affects heterogeneity of vegetation pattern of mountainous region was 23%.2. Trend surface analysis could be used to analyze effectively the tendency of spatial patterns of landscape in intricate landscape and comprehend the entire characteristics of landscape patterns, reveal the regulation and control factors of the spatial pattern of landscape factors. In the forest region on south-facing slope of the Qinling Mountains, horizontal geographical position had little influence on patterns of the landscape factor, the whole patterns of landscape factors were determined by synthetic factors. The spatial pattern of the...