Effects Of Cyadox On Growth Of Piglets And Young Ruminants

Quinoxalines, exclusively used in animals, promote growth and to improve feed conversion efficiency. Among them, olaquindox was commenly used for swine, chicken's, cattle's and goats' feed supplementations. Recent reports showed that it easily caused animals, especially fowls, to be poisoned. Cyadox, a quinoxaline at the exploitation stage, is a less toxic and more promising feed additive. Studies demonstrated that cyadox possessed the traits of obviously promoting growth and improving feed conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics. Because growth promotion of quinoxalines is influenced by some factors such as protein level in diets and management, the effectiveness of this action of cyadox in different domestic animals needs to be confirmed through repeated tests. Although antimicrobial promoters have been studied in regard to their effects on animal nutritional physiology, metabolic regulations and intestinal microbiology, their growth-promoting mechanisms are not completely elucidated yet. Because antimicrobials, as additives, are mainly effective for young animals in whom the immune systems are developing, more attention was paid to modulations of antimicrobials on systemic immunity. However, results in this area varied, some of them were even contrary. Since the gut mucosal immune system contains over one and half of the lymphocytes in the body and is directly exposed to feeding antimicrobials and intestinal microorganisms, it is worthy to study modulations of antimicrobial promoters on intestinal mucosal immunity. In order to lay theoretical foundation for the application of cyadox in animal husbandry, its effects on the growth of piglets, lambs and calves were investigated. At the meantime, the relationships of the growth promotion of cyadox with intestinal bacterial suppression, small intestine villus development, immune and metabolic modulations were elucidated.