| Rice and maize are low-protein crops, increasing protein contents of the crops have been a struggling target to agronomist for a long time. In order to increase grain protein contents of rice and maize, selection of nitrogen metabolism regulators, rational formula of selected regulator, rational spraying concentration of selected formula, and application effects of rational formula under different soils and paddy field were studied by soil culture and field plot experiments in this dissertation, using rice as tested crop. In addition to this, rational formula of selected regulator, and rational spraying concentration of selected formula were probed into by field plot experiments in this dissertation, using maize as tested crop. The results showed that:1. Compared with treatment CK, spraying nitrogen metabolism regulators could increase obviously the activities of nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS), and glutamine transferase in functional leaves of rice, and glutamine synthetase and glutamine transferase in grain of rice in early reproduction stage. Nitrogen metabolism regulator treatments also could enhance obviously the activities of protease in functional leaves of rice in later reproduction stage, and transportation amounts of nitrogen in functional leaves and stem-sheathes of rice in reproduction stage. Except treatment PGR1 and treatment PGR5, the other nitrogen metabolism regulator treatments could increase significantly the contents of total N and protein N in rice grain and brown rice, and grain protein yields of rice. Among these regulators, PGR4 had the best effects, while PGR3 took the second place. Protein N and protein contents in brown rice, and grain protein yields of rice of treatment PGR4 were increased respectively by 1.41g·kg-1, 8.39g·kg-1, 14.3% compared with treatment CK. Protein N and protein contents in brown rice, and grain protein yieldsof rice of treatment PGR3 were increased respectively byl.37g ? kg'1, 8.15g ? kg"1, 9.2% compared with treatment CK.2. Compared with treatment CK, spraying rational formulas of regulator could increase significantly the contents of total N and protein N in rice grain and brown rice, and rice grain protein yields. The increases of protein N contents in rice grains and brown rice revealed that spraying rational formulas of regulator could enhance obviously the activities of NR, GS in functional leaves of rice, GS in rice grains in early reproduction stage, and protease in functional leaves of rice in later reproduction stage, and enhance significantly the transportation amounts of nitrogen in functional leaves and stem-sheathes of rice in reproduction stage. The effect of PGRF3 among the different formulas of regulator A(PGR3) was the best, the effect of PGRF7 among the different formulas of regulator B(PGR4) was the best. The protein N and protein contents in brown rice, and rice grain protein yields of treatment PGRF7 were increased respectively by 3.8Og ? kg'1, 22.61g ? kg'1, 17.9% compared with treatment CK. The protein N and protein contents in brown rice, and rice grain protein yields of treatment PGRF3 were increased respectively by 3.18g ? kg*1, 18.92g ? kg"1, 13.7% compared with treatment CK.3. The rice grain protein yield of treatment PGRC1 among the three different concentration treatments of regulator B(PGRF7) was the highest, the difference of grain protein yields between treatment PGRC1 and treatment CK was very significant, the difference of protein N contents in brown rice between treatment PGRC1 and treatment CK was significant, and the differences of protein N contents in brown rice among the three different concentration treatments of PGR B(PGRF7) were not significant. Meanwhile, spraying regulator concentration of treatment PGRC1 was lower than those of treatment PGRC2 and treatment PGRC3, while the cost of spraying regulator of treatment PGRC1 was less than those of treatment PGRC2 and treatment PGRC3, hence, PGRC1 was the rational spraying concentration of PGRF7. As the rice grain protein yield of treatment PGRC5 among the three different concentration treatments of regulator A(PGRF3) was the highest, only the difference of grain protein yields between treatment PGRC5 and treatment CK was significant, and the difference of protein N contents in brown rice between treatment PGRC5 and treatment CK was very significant, the differences of protein N contents in brown rice among the three different concentration treatments ofregulator A(PGRF3) were not significant, PGRC5 was the rational spraying concentration of PGRF3.4. Compared with treatment CK, new plant nitrogen metabolism regulator B(PGRF7) could increased significantly the contents of total N and protein N in brown rice, and grain protein yields of rice in five kinds of main paddy soil in Hunan, in the meantime, regulator B(PGRF7) also could enhance obviously the contents of essential amino acid related to man, pig, chicken, Lysine and methionine in brown rice. The difference of increase ratios of total N and protein N contents in brown rice among five kinds of paddy soil was not significant, the difference of increase production ratios of rice grain among five kinds of paddy soil was not also significant. These results indicated that application effects of the new plant nitrogen metabolism regulator in five kinds of paddy soil were similar.5. The difference of rice grain yields between treatment regulator B(PGRF7) and treatment Ck was not significant, but, the total N and protein N contents in brown rice, and grain protein yields of Xiangzaoxian 24 and Weiyou 56 of treatment regulator B(PGRF7) were obviously higher than those of the treatment CK under paddy field. The total N and protein N contents in brown rice, and grain protein yield of Xiangzaoxian 24 of treatment PGRF7 were increased respectively by 8.5%, 8.3%, 11.3% compared with treatment CK. The total N and protein N contents in brown rice, and grain protein yield of Weiyou 56 of treatment PGRF7 were increased respectively by 12.5%, 12.1%, 14.4% compared with treatment CK.6. Compared with treatment CK, spraying rational formulas of regulator(PGR4) could increase obviously the reduced amounts of total N and protein N contents in functional leaves and stems of maize, the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamine transferase in functional leaves of maize and glutamine synthetase and glutamine transferase in grains of maize in reproduction stage, and the activities of protease in maize functional leaves in later reproduction stage. Spraying rational formulas of regulator(PGR4) could enhance significantly the contents of total N and protein N in maize grains, maize grain yields and grain protein yields compared with treatment CK. Among the regulator formula treatments, treatment PGRF4 and treatment PGRF3 had better effects. The protein N and protein contents in maize grains, maize grain yields and grain protein yields of treatment PGRF4 were increased respectively by 1.35g ? kg"1, 8.44g ? kg'1, 9.5%, 19.6%compared with treatment CK. The protein N and protein contents in maize grains, maize grain yields and grain protein yields of treatment PGRF3 were increased respectively by 0.78g -kg"1, 4.88g ?kg'', 11.4%, 17.4% compared with treatment CK. 7. Compared with treatment CK, three kinds of concentration treatments of PGRF4 could increase obviously grains per spike and one hundred grain weight of maize, increase significantly maize grain yields and total N and protein N contents in maize grains, increase very significantly maize grain protein yields. However, the difference of maize grain protein N contents among three different treatment concentrations was not significant, the difference of maize grain protein yields among three different treatment concentrations was also not significant, meanwhile, spraying regulator concentration of treatment PGRF4-1 was lower than those of treatment PGRF4-2 and treatment PGRF4-3, the cost of spraying regulator of treatment PGRF4-1 was less than those of treatment PGRF4-2 and treatment PGRF4-3, hence, PGRF4-1 was the rational spraying concentration of PGRF4. |
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