| In order to provide scientific basis for the breed conservation and utilizing of Huainan pig, we studied on breed characteristics of the local fine breed in Henan - Huainan Pig, which is including its reproductive performance, growth and development, finishing ability, meat quality, physiological and biochemical character, chromosome karyotype, genetic characteristics of quantitative character, adaptability, behavior characteristic, hybrid advantages and so on, from 1998-2004 in Gushi Huainan Pig Breeding Farm and Guangshan Fine-breed Pigs Breeding Farm. Based on this study, using the basic principles and measures of quantitative genetics, the hereditary law of Huainan pig main economic traits is founded and the comprehensive selection indexes of its main economic traits are formulated. The indexes are utilized in breeding of Huainan pig with good results.1. The main breed characteristics of the Huainan pig(1) Reproductive performance: The sexual maturity of Huainan pig is early. The average day age is 116.5+9.61 days when the little sow has obvious estrous signs, its body weight is 22.59±2.35 kg, estrous cycle for 20 days, estrous duration for over 76.68 hours, gestational period is 114.5 days, The impregnating rate in estrous period is more than 90%, effective teat numbers is 16.16+1.42. The body weight is 14.79± 0.95 kilograms when it appears that little boar step to climb at 82.43+5.06 days. Huainan pig reproductive capacity is relatively strong, the average litter size is 13.48±2.42, and the average litter size is 13.48±2.42, litter size born alive 12.34±2.08,average pig birth weight 0.99+ 0.16kg,litter weight 12.15 ±2.01kg,and the weaning number is 10.98±1.60.The sow secretes milk of good quality, the maternal instinct is strong, the feeding percentage is 89%. The reproductive capacity of Huainan pig is higher among the local pigs in China.(2) Growth and Development: The difference between the male and female in Huainan pig in weight ,length ,height, and chest size are not distinctive (P>0.05) at three month ago, the weight and length of the female are large than those of the male after four-month .Huainan pig weight at the six-month is 41.28 +3.23kg for boar and 45.08+3.86kg for sow, body length at six-month is 88.37+ 4.2cm for boar, 90.69+4.36cm for sow, body height at the six-month is 51.73±3.94cm for boar,53.04 + 4.42cm for sow. The peak is on the 150 th~ 180 th age that increase weight for boar, the 210th~ 240th age for sow. The early-maturing order of the body structures is : bone - peel- meat-fat, and the early-maturing orders of body sections is : hoof - head- waist - leg buttocks- neck chest.(3) Finishing Ability and Carcass Quality: Average daily gain is 375.18±40.26 grams, dressing percentage is 70.738%, lean percentage is 49.075%, loineye area is 23.328±3.752 cm2. The butchering weight of pigs is about 80 kilograms, with ages of eight-months. Feeding conversion ratio is 3.84:1.Huainan pork has fine quality. The meat color is 3.5 grade-normal brilliant red, the marble line is 3.5 grade, and muscle fats is evenly distributed. pH is 6.3~6.5 which is in normal range. There is no PSE meat.(4) Physiological and Biochemical parameters: 10 physiological indexes are within the normal ranges that are reported at home and abroad. There is no remarkable difference (P> 0.05 ) among the sexes. In the 11 blood biochemical indexes, 5 indexes are different among reserve pig (age of two months), fattening pig (age of six months ) and adult pig (P<0.05or P<0.01). All the biochemical indexes have no remarkable difference (P> 0.05 ) between the two sexes.(5) Adaptability: Huainan Pig has good adaptability. It can easily adapt to the local environments, and adept to rough fibers foods. Through Test, it is shown that the Huainan pig can grow naturally with foods containing crude fiber up to 9%~12%. Through the analysis of climate factors, the extreme high and low temperature can influence badly on the reproductive performance of Huainan sows. The normal temperature in wintertime has no big influence on the ma...
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