| In this experiment, effect of lactobacillus (Streptococcus lactic) and earthworm (Eisenia fetidd) supplemented in pig feed on the odorous compounds and pig immunity, and effects of lactobacillus, vermicompost, and cattle feces on the odorous compounds of anaerobically fermented pig slurry were investigated.A strain of lactobacillus was selected and proved to be effective in acid production and have excellent capacity of tolerating acid, bile salt and enzyme as probiotics in the experiment. Four dietary treatments, consisting of the basal diet (CS), basal diet + lactobacillus, basal diet + earthworm and basal diet + lactobacilfus + earthworm, were fed to 144 piglets (Large White * Landrace * Duroc). Growth performance, chemical composition, normal bacteria, odorous compounds in feces, villi height, crypt depth, intraepithelial cell, goblet cell and mast cell were determined in the experiment. Lactobacillus, sodium acetic, lactobacillus + sodium acetic, cattle feces and vermicompost were supplemented in pig slurry fermented anaerobically at 32"C for 30 days, the slurry were sampled for pH, dry mater, biogas production, coliform, ammonia emission, ammonium, total nitrogen, and odorous compounds including volatile fatty acids, p-cresol, indole, and 3-methylindole determination at 10 days, 20 days and 30 days respectively in the experiment.Results from animal trial showed that:Effect on piglets: 1) feces pH, E.coil counts, the concentration of I-valeric acid, p-cresol in the feces, goblet cell in ileum and intraepithelial lymphocytes in jejunum were decreased (P<0.05) by lactobacillus consumption, while the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid in feces, ileum villi height and the ratio of villi to crypt were increased significantly (P<0.05). 2) Feces DM, pH, the concentration of indole and crypt depth in ileum were decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the concentration of acetic, propionic, 3-methylindole in feces, villi height in duodenum and serum globin were increased significantly (P<0.05) by earthworm supplementation. 3) Slurry ammonia emission, serum urea, villi height, ratio of villi to crypt in duodenum and goblet cells in jejunum were increased significantly (P<0.05), slurry p-cresol, indole, jejunum crypt depth and duodenum intraepithelial lymphocytes were decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas no significant effects on feces pH, volatile fatty acids and 3-methylindole in the feces were observed (P>0.05) when piglets fed with diets containing with both lactobacillus and earthworm.Effect on growers: 1) When the grower diets was supplemented with lactobacillus, p-cresol concentration in the feces were reduced significantly (P<0.05) . 2) Dry material of feces and the indole concentration were decreased significantly (P<0.05 ) , whereas the concentration of 3-methylindole in the feces was increased significantly (P<0.05), when the piglets fed with diets containing earthworm; 3) E.coli counts, the ammonium concentration, acetic, propionic, p-cresol and indole in the feces also were decreased significantly (P<0.05) ; increase of slurry pH, slurry ammonia emission and no significant effect on , other volatile fatty acids and 3-methylindole in the feces (P>0.05) were observed whenpiglets fed with diets containing with both lactobacillus and earthworm. It seems mostly tha lactobacillus enhanced gut health and health status of pig by reducing the impact of harmful bacteria and other harmful factors in feces on pig gastro-intestine, while earthworm bettered the health status of pig by improving the immunity, especially the intestinal mucosal immunity.Results from anaerobic fermentation trial in vitro indicated that:I-valeric concentration in the mid-stages of anaerobic fermentation was significant enhanced by lactobacillus supplementation (P<0.05) butyric concentration during late stage fermentation was lowered significantly by lactobacillus supplementation (P<0.05), Lactobacillus in combination with sodium acetic increased butyric concentration in the mid stage of anaerobic fe... |
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