Typhoon Damage Estimation And Prediction Of Wind Vulnerable Structures

China is one of the most severe countries suffering from typhoon damage in the whole world, and the economic losses caused by typhoon every year are quite enormous. The damage and collapse of all kinds of structures are the main parts of the direct wind hazard losses. To make an immediate estimation and prediction of damage degree of structures after the landfall of typhoon is very important for government emergency response and the evaluation of capability of urban disaster prevention and reduction, which is also an exigent problem to be solved in civil engineering field. According to the real damage phenomena and load-structure interaction mechanism, the typhoon responses of typical wind vulnerable structures are analyzed by numerical simulation and finite element methods. Furthermore, the wind disaster mechanism is analyzed, and the damage degrees of wind vulnerable structures are quantitatively calculated respectively. The main contents in this paper are shown as following.(1) For the requirement of the mechanism analysis of typhoon-induced damage of structures, lots of field damage investigations and research were made after typhoon Nuri (No. 0812) and Hagupit (No. 0814) made landfall. According to the investigation results, the typical typhoon vulnerable structures are summarized, meanwhile, the three kinds of structural types studied in this paper are confirmed, which are light steel industrial buildings, outdoor advertisement boards and glass curtain wall of tall buildings.(2) Based on the post disaster investigation data and structural damage characteristics analysis, five main reasons for typhoon-induced damage are achieved. The typhoon action acted on the structure could be divided into three aspects: external wind pressure, wind-induced internal pressure and wind-borne debris action. Firstly, the calculation method of external wind pressure is discussed by comparing with the method suggested in China Load code for the design of building structures. Secondly, wind-induced internal pressure distribution rules are studied by using numerical wind tunnel method. Thirdly, the risk analysis method of windborne debris is built. At last, the observed time-history data of wind speed, wind direction angle and wind azimuth of typhoon Nuri (No. 0812), Chanchu (No. 0601), Sally (No. 9615) and Hagupit (No. 0814) are processed properly to be used in wind damage estimation.(3) For the research on the light steel industrial buildings, the components of structures are introduced at first, and then failure modes and reasons for wind induced damage of light steel industrial buildings are analyzed in detail. The calculation method of resistance of the element and the procedure of the damage estimation are described, meanwhile, the damage state of industrial buildings is graded. At last, an example is set by building a model and using three typhoons'data to demonstrate the whole process of damage estimation.(4) For the research on the outdoor advertisement boards, the classification of advertisement boards is introduced. According to the field investigation information, the typical damage modes and main reasons for destruction of advertisement boards are analyzed. The wind damage states of boards are graded. The calculation method of typhoon load and steel member resistance is given accord with the typical failure modes. Because of the requirement of the calculation of typhoon wind pressure, the model of standing and roof advertisement boards are built through CFD software, and wind pressure distribution of different wind directions is obtained through numerical simulation. At last, a huge three-side advertisement board model is built by using finite element software ANSYS with the obsevred data of typhoon Nuri, Chanchu and Sally as input wind load, meanwhile, the wind induced dynamic and static response of advertisement board are achieved.(5) For the research on the glass curtain wall of tall buildings, the types and performances of glass are shown, as well as the most common structural types of curtain walls. The study on wind-induced destruction of glass curtain wall is taken from three aspects. Because the wind-borne debris is the most important reason for the wind induced damage of glass curtain wall, a tall building model with glass curtain wall is set, moreover, the wind-borne debris damage estimation of the model under typhoon Chanchu and Sally are achieved.