Study Of Two Special Vacuum Electronic Devices Based On Cyclotron Resonance Mechanism

Moving electrons cyclotron resonance in a constant guiding magnetic field and an alternating electromagnetic field is a very important physical phenomenon, which exists widely in nature, and has been widely used. Until now, people still continue the effort to develop electronic devices of new mechanisms based on cyclotron resonance. In such devices developed, the most well know is the gyrotron. In fact, some other mechanisms different with gyrotron also based on cyclotron resonance phenomenon is well worth our attention.Cyclotron-wave rectifier and peniotron are based on mechanisms which are different from gyrotron. They do not rely on relativistic effects, and all electrons are in the acceleration or deceleration state, so high wave interaction efficiency can easy be obtained. As one of those key technologies in a wireless transmission technology and space solar power station; cyclotron-wave rectifier can efficiently convert microwave energy into DC. Peniotron has high capability of working effectively at high-harmonics, it can be develop to a high and medium power millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave source packed by permanent magnet, and be widely applied in radar, communications, electronic warfare, beam weapons, and new energy development. Russia, the United States and Japan have deeply research the two devices by method of theoretical and experimental, but up to now, except for a few theoretical research articles and reviews of reports, it has not been truly and deeply studied at home. According to the laboratory plans, taking establishing experimental system and developing practical devices as the ultimate goals, this paper carries out systematic theoretical research of the two devices.A fast and practical design method of cyclotron-wave rectifier design is proposed in this paper, which combines the equivalent circuit, CST electromagnetic simulation and PIC simulation. It can better handle the problems such as beam-wave interaction, cavity design, impedance matching and interaction system efficiency. The magnetic field distribution of conversion region is optimized by using numerical computation, the collector electrode shape, electric potential distribution are designed by using EGUN and CST. On this basis, a 2.85GHz rectifier with a high system efficiency of 84% is design. The wave-bean efficiency influenced by the uneven field distribution and space charge are firstly studied, and the factors affecting voltage such as the plate spacing, guide magnetic field, field strength and frequency are respectively analyzed, the final results point out that it is possible to development MW level cyclotron-wave rectifiers operating at cm band.In this paper, the Ka-band third harmonics peniotron is deeply studied by method of the small signal theory and the self-consistent nonlinear theory, the rules of the electron guiding center drift and the energy distribution are analyzed, a method of improving efficiency by optimizing the magnetic field distribution is proposed, and the factors that affect the interaction efficiency is studied. It indicates that the development of practical and efficient high-harmonic peniotron is feasible under the case of real quality of beam. To solve the problems in a cusp electron gun such as a poor electron quality and difficult adjustment parameters,a novel large-orbit electron beam generated by a Cuccia coupler is proposed. And the properties of such beam are investigated by numerical computation and 3D-PIC simulation, it indicate that the large-orbit beam accelerated by the Cuccia coupler has evident characteristics such as the relative velocity spread low and the high velocity ratio, moreover, other electron beam parameters including transverse velocity, longitudinal velocity and the deviation of guiding center could be adjusted independently, which fully satisfy the special requirements of the high-harmonic peniotron. The simulation results also prove that the Ka-band third-harmonic slotted peniotron can be successfully driven by a 37 kV, 0.5 A, large-orbit electron beam produced by the Cuccia coupler and predicted to achieve an 8kW power output as well as a microwave energy conversion efficiency is 50% and a corresponding device efficiency up to 43%. It proves that such large-orbit beam beam quality meet the requirements of peniotron, and provides an effective solution for practical high-harmonic, low magnetic field peniotron...