Application Of Functional Additives And Dyes On Improving Dyeing Properties Of Fibers Or Fabrics

The industry of printing and dyeing is "high input, low output, serious pollution and low safety". Its economy increase costs large resource and energy consumption, and environment destroy. Printing and dyeing industry has become a serious environmental problem. Thus, it is very important to update the conventional process and develop novel functional dyeing chemicals. In this study, we designed and synthesized several kinds of novel functional dyeing chemicals, and applied them to dyeing of fibers or fabrics and measured the physical properties of treated dyeing fabrics. The main work is described as follows.As a new kind of polyester, polytrimethylene terephthlate (PTT) has the high performance of PET and the good processing behavior of polybutylene terephthlate (PBT). PTT fiber can be dyed under normal pressure with better dye uptake. The research on the acid-dyeable PTT was made in this thesis. A series of basic copolyamides with different contents of triamine were synthesized through transesterification and polycondensation with binary ester and triamine. The structure and properties of the polyamides were characterized. Then, acid dyeable PTT fibers were prepared by admixing PTT with the copolyamides (sample 5 or 6) and given surlyn as compatibilizer before extrusion. The study showed that the weight ratio of PTT, additives and Surlyn in the trinary blends was 95:5:2, under this ratio, an optimum level with good compatibility could be achieved. The dyeing results showed that pure PTT fiber was difficult to dye, as the adding of the additive, the acid dyeing ability of the fiber was obviously improved. When the mol rate of triamine was 3%, the dye uptake of red, yellow and grey rose to 65.2%, 79.3% and 45.4%. As the adding of the additive, the rub fastness, the depth and the color fastness to washing of fiber were all improved.Surface modified Micron-nano Sm₂O₃ particles treated by titanate coupling agent in ethanol medium were obtained, Hybrid Sm₂O₃-PS were prepared by in-situ suspension polymerization with Surface modified Micron-nano Sm₂O₃ , styrene and initiator BPO. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows surface modified Sm₂O₃ particles were homo-dispersed throughout PS basal body. The properties of PS/PP and Rs-PS/PP blends were investigated. The crystallization morphology of PP was influenced and the crystallization rate increased by the addition of PS and Rs-PS. Compared to PS/PP blend system with the same proportion, Rs-PS/PP blends have a lower melting point and a higher crystallization temperature. The crystallinity of both the Rs-PS/PP blend fiber and PS/PP blend fiber is lower than the crystallinity of PP fiber with the same draw ratio. So is the tenacity at break, but the decreased tenacity at break of the blend fiber still matches the needs of post textile processing. Owing to the fact that some Sm₂O₃ reacted with the acid, and samarium salt was formed first when the PP/Rs-PS (Sm₂O₃) fiber was dyed in an acid dye bath; then, a complex reaction occurred between samarium salt and the disperse dye. Thus under the same dyeing conditions, the dye up-take, K/S value and color saturation C^* of both PP/Rs-PS (Sm₂O₃) blend fiber with almost the same denier, orientation and crystallinity have a further enhancement than that of PP/PS blend fiber. The above modified blend fibers have a good color fastness to rubbing, soaping and sweating, which meet the demand of apparel industry.Reactive dyes are extensively used in the textile industry not only to color mainly cotton, but also to wool and polyamide fibers because of their wide variety of color shades, high wet fastness profiles, ease of application, and brilliant colors. However, under typical reactive dyeing conditions, up to 50% of the initial dye remains in the spent dyebath in its hydrolyzed form, which has no affinity for the fabric and results in colored effluent. In order to improve dye-fibre affinity, large quantities of electrolyte such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate (40-100g/l) are normally required for exhaustion. Even so, dyebath exhaustion and fixation can still be very low for some dyes and the wastewater therefore contains a significant quantity of dye and salt, leading to serious environmental problems. A model cationic reactive dye was prepared by reacting 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone with cyanuric chloride, 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride and pyridine. Its dyeing properties were studied. The results showed that, despite no electrolytes being present in the dye bath, a high percentage of dye exhaustion could be obtained because of the attractive force between positive charges on the dye molecule and the negatively charged fiber surface. At the same time, dyed fabric had excellent wash and light fastness. These results reveal that cationic reactive dyes can offer not only simpler dyeing recipes but also possible environmental benefits over conventional reactive dyes.On the basis of complex action together with rare earth, silk fiber and medium dyes, rare earth has an excellence adding color in silk and wool fiber dyeing, decreases the dosage of chrome in intermediary dyeing as well as chrome has an excellent dyeing performance in adding washing fastness, according to traditional method in synthesizing metal complex dyes, a series new type of dyes such as R-RE dyes (R = Alizarin red, RE = La,Nd,Y ), and RE-Cr-R dyes were synthesized by adding the rare earth and chrome ion into mordant dyes to form a complex of dyes. The synthesized dyes were used to dye the silk. The dyeing results showed that 3 R-RE dyes had excellent wash and rub fastness, compared with Cr-R dyes on silk or cotton, there were the same fastness, better than that of R dyes on silk or cotton, colour change and staining of silk reached 4 grade, colour and staining of cotton reached 4-5 grade; R-RE dyes had poor sweat fastness, compared with Cr-R dyes on silk or cotton, but better than that of R dyes on silk or cotton. The fastness properties of RE-Cr-R dyes on silk or cotton reached more than 3 grades. Because the interactions between complex dyes and protein molecular of silk were prone to occur, leading to serious staining of silk problems. Rare earth couldn't completely substitute chrome in complex dyeing, but it could decrease the dosage of chrome in intermediary dyeing, reduce environmental pollution.