Current State Of Butyltin Pollution Along Chinese Bohai Coast And Preparation Of Candidate Certified Reference Materials For Butyltin

Tributyltin (TBT) has been used worldwide in antifouling paints for ships and fishing nets since the mid-1960s, and its derivatives dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were mostly used as stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride and as catalysts in industrial processes. Aquatic pollution by butyltin compounds has been of great concern due to their severe impacts on non-target marine organisms such as shell malformation in oysters and imposex in gastropods. High concentrations of BTs in seawater, sediments, and biota samples have been detected in China. Further research and date would be helpful to understand the status of BTs pollution and its temporal and historic variations.TMAH alkaline extraction and HC1-THF acid extraction were investigated based on Grignard pentylation- gas chromatography coupled with flame photometric detection using quartz surface-induced luminescence (GC-QSIL-FPD). The results revealed that HC1-THF solution is suitable for extraction of BTs in mussels. Dichloromethane, benzene and hexane were compared as extracting organic solvents for liquid-liquid extraction, which indicate that hexane exhibits high extraction efficiency. The LODs of the developed method were 2.6, 2.9, 3.3 ng Sn/g for MBT, DBT, and TBT, respectively. The spiking recoveries for BTs were in the range 102.0-106.4%. The new developed method improves the digestion and extraction efficiency, eliminates the interference and minimizes the pretreatment time.10 areas around the Chinese Bohai coast, individuals including 13 kinds of mollusks were collected during the period of 2005-2006 for the investigation of spatial distribution and temporal variations of butyltin compounds. BTs including TBT and its derivates, DBT and MBT were quantified by gas chromatography/flame photometric detection after extraction and Grignard derivatization. BTs compounds were widely existed in the collected samples, with its ranges from <8.8 to 629.2 ng Sn/g dry weight. The pollution levels of different sampling sites and the enrichment capacity of different mollusk species were discussed. The results indicate that the samples collected from Shouguang, Yingkou, and Penglai was seriously contaminated by BTs. The BTs levels in bivalves were higher than that in snails. Mya arenaria was found to have strong ability of butyltin accumulation compared with the other sampled bivalves in the corresponding batches, which was was potentially a biomarker to indicate organotin pollution in coastal aquatic environment. The wide occurrence and serious pollution of BTs in seafood indicated a potential danger for the health of the local people who cared for these foods.A new biological certified reference material, Mya arenaria, for butyltins analysis has been prepared and certified. Candidate biological material was acquired at Hongqiao and Dazhongsi Market, Beijing, which were collected from Dalian. After homogenization, freezen-drying, grinding, sieving and mixing, the material was sterilized withγ-ray irradiation. The material was re-mixed and packaged into 110 glass bottles (10 g each) and these were stored in a freezer at -20℃. Certification was performed by use of acid extraction, Grignard derivatization, followed by GC-QSIL-FPD analysis.