Synthesis Of Novel Conducting Polymer Micro/Nanostrcutrues And Study On Their Application

Nanomaterials are now one of the hot points in chemistry field in recently years. With the widening and deepening of the research, the scientists are re-examing the traditional polymers with the hope to find novel properties and functions.The research on conducting polymers has been developed for tens of years. PANI, as the most important members of conducting polymer, has been widely investigated for its environmentally stable, easily synthesized, ad can react with chemical species at room temperature. It is of interest for gas sensing applications because it can be easily processed from solution to create uniform, thin films. These thin films ca readily react with protonating or deprotonating agents to change their conductivity. With the development of PANI, fabrication of multi-dimensional PANI structures has been of current interest.In this thesis we synthesized novel structured micro/nanostructured PANI via chemical oxidation method based on aniline in aqueous. With ammonium persulphate (APS) as the oxidation reagent, we fabricated PANI hemishells and PANI nanowires and investigated their application. Additionally, we fabricated two-dimensional patterned PANI nanobowls sheet with one-pore thickness through interfacial polymerization. We found that it was a general method and could be also applied in fabricating other patterned polymer sheet. Additionally, with those monolayer of PS spheres at aqueous/air interface as template, we also fabricated patterned metal sheet through electroless plating method and investigated their surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities.The first experimental part in our thesis is the dissymmetrical decoration of conducting polymer on PS spheres. Additionally, with the monolayer of PS at solution/air interfaces as template, we obtained conducting polymer nanobowls. During the polymerization, conducting polymer deposits on the sub-spheres emerged in the solution and left the sub-spheres in air barely. After the extraction of PS templates, two-dimensional ordered and patterned conducting polymer nanobowls can be obtained. In contrast to the previous method, no substrate is needed in our method, which caused the products can be easily lifted on full scale. Additionally, this method can be also applied in fabricating metal nanostructures. Through the dissymmetrical decoration of metal on sub-spheres emerged in the solution by electroless plating and the extraction of the PS templates, one-pore thickness and patterned metal nanobowl sheet can be obtained. At the same time, the arrangement of PS spheres can be also tuned by adding saturated SDS. The SERS activities on metal sheet have been systematically investigated.In the second experimental part, with salicylic acid (SA) as dopant, we successfully obtained radially oriented PANI-SA nanofibers without any templates. With the molar ratio of [SA]: [aniline] at 0.9-1, only the [aniline] is higher than 0.15 M, can those radially oriented PANI-SA nanofibers be obtained. Through adjusting the experimental parameters, we suggested that the aniline-SA salt can form big micelle through self-assembly, which can contain much aniline inside it. Then, the aniline inside the micelles reacted with APS and formed radially oriented structures for the steric hindrance.In the third experimental part, we fabricated PANI/Au nanoparticle complexes with PS as template through Layer-by-layer (LBL) method. It's well known that Au nanoparticles, fabricated by citrate sodium, have negative charges on their surface. Additionally, PANI nanoparticles can absorb negative charges for the dopant reaction. Through the inter-absorption between Au nanoparticles and PANI nanoparticles, we fabricated PS/PANI/Au multi-shell complexes. Additionally, we found that our products show the electrochemical activity in neutral solution, which can be applied in biological field.In conclusion, we successfully synthesized novel micro/nanoscale PANI, PANI/Au complexes, and metal structures. We believe that our work can be a platform for understanding and designed novel structured nanomaterials.