| In recent years, the research of micro/nano structural materials and biomimetic materials has gradually become to the new hot spot in modern science and technology. Micro/nano structural materials in the surface properties and optical properties exhibit the special nature, which is different from the macro-scale materials. It provids the impetus for the research of micro/nano structure materials. It has important applications in biomimetic materials, nano-optical sensors, nano-electrochemical system, biosensor, highly selective catalytic, nanochemistry, monitor and in many other areas. Biomimetic materials are a kind of materials, which imitate biological features or characteristics of various to exploit. Biomimetic materials science is an important branch of bionics. It is the cross of chemistry, materials science, biology, physics and other disciplines. The material which is inspired from biologically or imitated various characteristics of biological to exploit is called biomimetic materials. Biomimetic materials will make greater contributions to mankind in the 21st century. We make the biomimetic materials research reached a new field with the development of micro-technology. With the gradual rise of the research of self-assembly of colloidal crystals, the orderly structure development of the periodic became to an important area of biomimetic materials research. Especially colloidal crystal as cover plate with deposition, vapor deposition, plasma etching technology combined to construct biomimetic materials. It is to promote the development of biomimetic materials taken an important step. In this paper we studied a new polymer self-assembly of colloidal crystals. Then we use two-dimensional colloidal crystals assisted etching technology to build imitation biomimetic materials such as gecko setae, compound eyes of mosquito. It provides a new way of thinking for making biomimetic Materials.In the second chapter, we present a novel and simple method to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) colloidal crystals on a variety of substrates, and we did this approach also extended to 3D controlled fabrication of colloidal crystals. First, we prepared a variety of high-scale cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene microspheres. Combining 3D self-assembly of colloidal crystals with electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly techniques,2D ordered arrays of colloidal crystals are obtained. In the traditional electrostatic assembly under a system introduced to the two systems, production of three-dimensional colloidal crystal in the PAM-co-PDDA-modified substrate in the ethanol system. Dispersed the three-dimensional colloidal crystal under aqueous solution, the substrate in contact with the colloidal fixed to the substrate for getting a large area of two-dimensional colloidal crystals which rely on static electricity between the substrate and the resulting microspheres under water system. Using this method can make variety sizes of two-dimensional colloidal crystal. We use this method combined with PDMS microcontact printing to take two-dimensional colloidal crystals which bands with a circle and patterned structures, then we take two-dimensional assembly extended to non-flat substrate, Produced in non-flat substrate has been two-dimensional colloidal crystal. Finally, we loop through this method of making two-dimensional colloidal crystals can have controllable layers three-dimensional ordered colloidal crystal, and make a series of characterization for their optical properties. This method breaks the previous three-dimensionally ordered colloidal crystals layers can not control and the limit of electrostatic assembly constraints disorder provides a simple and efficient new ways of production two-dimensional and three-dimensional colloidal crystal layer controlled.In the third chapter, we use two-dimensional colloidal crystals as templates, producing the materials of gecko setae with a sub-micron bowl structure on the top. We conducted the test and comparison of micro-mechanics by AFM between the material on gecko setae which with bowl-shaped structure and the material on gecko setae which without bowl-shaped structure, we found that there were better adhesion on materials of bowl-shaped structure. Then we produced the gecko materials of a multi-level structure assist by micron PDMS templates, we tested and compared about macroscopic mechanical properties, then found that the polyimide film with bowl structure on the top of sub-micron column can lift a maximum weight of 200 g and the polyimide film with bowl structure on the top of sub-micron column on micron column can lift a maximum weight of 500 g. Full description of experimental multi-level structure is more conducive to adhesion. We also got polyimide film which with bowl structure on the top of sub-micron column, we made a test of its adhesion and found that its adhesion is poor, that sample only can lift 50 g in weight, this structure is not suitable as adhesive material. Finally, we use the evaporation method deposited a layer of magnetic Fe3O4 on the silicon of silica colloidal by two-dimensional non-close accumulation, by the method of plasma etching we made gecko setae materials which has magnetic on the top, and made a AFM measurement of magnetic characterization. This kind of gecko setae adhesion materials may be used to the attached material with magnetic leading. By this method, using colloidal crystals to assist building materials gecko setae, we got the gecko setae materials convenient, adhesion highly, and there are potential applications about micro-adhesion.In the fourth chapter, we use photolithography and plasma etching technology to build a micron silicon hemispherical pit at first, we can get stable two-dimensional colloidal crystals on hemispherical pit by utilizing lift-up technique and micro-transfer printing technology. Through thermal polymerization of polyamic acid, we got polyimide film with two-dimensional colloidal crystals closely on the hemispherical protrusions. Herein we fabricate a polyimide film in the composition of the compound imitation eye structure of mosquitoes. On this basis, we introduced three different scale structure and build multi-level particle structure of the materials:hemispherical micron processes, structure of columnar submicron, and the magnetic nano of Fe3O4 nanoparticles column. Through a combination of different structures on different scales we got three different series and eight different surface structure of polyimide film. After the fluoride treatment under the same conditions and the same time, we have made comprehensive study and comparison about the hydrophobic nature of the surface, found that there are largest influence of sub-micron scale structure hydrophobic of the surface impact on the scale structure hydrophobic, followed was the micro-level structure, finally was the nano-structures. From the experimental data point, it has increased the surface contact angle with the increase roughness in surface and the structure in series, the resulting tertiary structure can achieve the degree of super-hydrophobic, and fully proved that the multi-level structure affect on the properties of the surface hydrophobic. It has been enhanced hydrophobic nature with the increase in series. It provides a new way for the research of the new hydrophobic materials. |
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