| Quercus phillyraeoides A.Gray, belonging to Fagaceae genus Quercus L. Sect. Engleriana, was distributed in the mountain of limestone and acid bed rock in East Asia (China and Japan). The habitat of Q. phillyraeoides forest was in fragile eco-environments, where the other plants were very difficult to become the dominant tree. The sprouting ability of Q. phillyraeoides was strong, the natural forest, however, was difficult to recover while damaged heavily. Past utilization of this species was seriously unreasonable in China, mainly in charcoal making industry. At the present time, stuides on Q. phillyraeoides were at the state of emptiness all over the world. To sum up the above arguments, the geographical distribution, characteristic phytocoenology, reproduction ecology of community, population ecology, morphological diversity and resource utilization of Q. phillyraeoides were discussed in the paper. On the one hand, the research could offer the scientific reference for the forest management and the comparative observation of ecological vegetation; on the other hand, it also could offer the basic data for the paleontology, paleogeography, and paleoclimate. The major work and conclusions of present paper were as following:(1) the horizontal distribution of Q. phillyraeoides was main in subtropics of East Asia including China and Japan, and the locations were 23°～34°N,100°～120°E and 26°～37°N,128°～140°E respectively; vertical distribution of Q. phillyraeoides was higher than 500 meters, but some of place could be lower to 200 meters. The original place of Q. phillyraeoides were in the mountains of Southwest China in Miocene; there were two ways for Q. phillyraeoides to distribution, and the pattern of present distribution was effected by the climate of Quaternary strongly. The climatic indices indicated that Q. phillyraeoides was a subtropical species of cold-resistant, which reveal temperature was the most important factor to influence the distribution region of its.(2) The species composition, floristic characteristic of community, life form spectrum, community structure, species diversity in the community and the niche of dominant trees were analyzed. The results showed that the parameter of Q. phillyraeoides community were lower or simpler than the other's on the aspect of structure, vertical height and species diversity. The life form spectrum indicated that the forest had the characteristics of drought vegetation and were different from the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest of subtropic. Meanwhile, compared to the other plant, Q. phillyraeoides had the high important value and broad niche. Besides, the floristic characteristic of community combined tropic and temperature, and the original and evolutional time was accord to the geographical distribution research.(3) The plant reproductive phenology of Q. phillyraeoides community showed that most of the plants in the community avoided the heavy precipitation and high temperature to flower and fruit, and it could conclude that the plants have high flexibility to the community environment. From the view point of fruit type, sarcocarp was more than dry fruit slightly, and the lower diversity in the community may be resulted by one main reason of the single dispersal of seed.(4) The results of population dynamics and natural regeneration of Q. phillyraeoides mean: most of communities were short of seeding, so the mid-age class individuals were very important for the population to maintain the dominant position in the communities. Population age structure of Q. phillyraeoides was mostly inverted pyramid form, and the distribution pattern were the aggregated. It is difficult for Q. phillyraeoides to regenerate because of its biology and the seed dispersal media. On the account of the special environment, the regeneration of Q. phillyraeoides could go on in the short time. Finally, it was a effective measure to keep the canopy gaps in its forest for the population to regenerate.(5) The morphological of leave and fruit were discussed bythe statistics and numerical taxonomy, and the result showed that the variation was exist in both of them, but the intrapopulation variation was more than extrapopulaton's. The relationship between leave characteristic and environment indicated that the variation of leaves was affected by the precipitation strongly. At last, we considered that Quercus lichuanensis should be the variety of Quercus phillyraeoides, which be named Quercus phillyraeoides var. lichuanensis (Cheng) C. P. Xie et Y. M. Fang.(6) The resource of Q. phillyraeoides had vast foreground on development and application, especially as landscape and ornamental plant, energy plant, starch plant, soil-conserving plants and so on. It was very remarkable and worthy of further study to how to deep utilization of Q. phillyraeoides. Ultimately, the present problems and suggestion were come up with for the resource utilization.
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