| Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) has long been the central paradigm for the study of open quantum systems, as well as the ideal candidate for quantum information processing. In strong coupling regime the rate of energy exchange between atom and cavity dominates the loss rates resulting from the loss of the system, which ensures the reliable and reversible mapping of the information between the flying qubits (photons) and the stationary ones (atoms). Based on the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage, strongly coupled single atoms inside a high-finesse optical cavity can serve as the determinate single photon source. The detection and control of single atoms resided in the high-finesse optical cavity, in real time, enables the cavity QED system to achieve the above goals.The main work in this thesis focus on the real-time detection of single atoms free-falling into the high-finesse optical cavity in the strong coupling regime, including as follows:1) An 86.8-microns-length optical cavity, with the finesse of 3.3×105, has been built, which fulfills the conditions required for strong coupling in optical cavity QED.2) An optical frequency chain has been developed by using a transfer cavity with low temperature expansion coefficients. The frequency chain facilitates the detuning between probe light and atomic resonance, and the detuning between cavity resonance and atomic transition.3) Strong coupling between Cesium atom and optical cavity has been achieved with a free-falling cold atom ensemble as the atom source. Under the condition of about one intra-cavity photon, the transits of single atoms through the cavity mode are detected in real time, which provides a trigger for manipulation of single atoms. The mean duration of atom-cavity interaction is about 120μs.4) Ideas of the generation of deterministic single photon source combining cavity cooling and far off-resonance trap inside cavity are proposed based on the present cavity QED system.
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