Model Of Multi-scale Structural-Controlling On Ore Formation And Metallogenic Prediction In Tamu-Kalangu Pb-Zn-Cu Ore Belt, West Kulun

The West Kunlun region is poor understood but abundant in mineral resources, where the Tamu-Kalangu Pb-Zn-Cu ore belt, as one of its most important components, is becoming focus of exploration and research recently. However, the rules and ore-controlling mechanism of multi-scale structure on metallogeny in this region are not researched well enough for facilitating predictive exploration.Based on this background, supported by the Guixin Mineral Ltd., the author proceeded monographic study on model of multi-scale structural-controlling on ore formation and metallogenic prediction in Tamu-Kalangu Pb-Zn-Cu ore belt of West Kulun.The research includes analyzing the area structural architecture and its control on mineralization by regional geophysics and remote sense, analyzing the features of field-scale and deposit-scale structure and their control on mineralization by structural geometry and structural dynamics, deducing mineral deposit origin by analyzing mineral deposit geological and geochemical characteristics, conducting metallogenic prognosis based on innovating structural mineralization dynamics and prospecting information of geochemistry and geophysics. The research outcome mainly includes:(1) According to regional petrographic formation and structure distortion characteristics, Tamu-Kalangu Pb-Zn-Cu ore belt has experienced several orogenic stages including dehiscence of the supercontinent, plate subduction, rift trough growth to closure, orogenic extrusion, basin mountain differentiation. Complex mine belt mineralization characteristic is mainly due to multi-stages tectonic activity.(2) The ETM remote sensing image shows that West Kunlun Tamu-Kalangu Pb-Zn-Cu ore belt lies in regional fracture structural belt of NNW, on the boundary, there are two border faults of NNW, its geologic characteristic shows multi-stages tectonic activity and entire ore belt structural controlling significance.(3) By analyzing structural characteristics and their mineralization relationship of region scale, ore field scale, deposit scale and ore body scale, a four scales ore-controlling model is first established, that is,â… -NNW Keziletao-Kusilafu fracture controls whole Tamu-kalangu Pb-Zn-Cu ore belt;â…¡-NNW fracture together with EW fracture controls the ore field;â…¢-a series of secondary fractures related with II controls deposit;â…£-rich ore body is controlled by zone of fracture and rock joint, etc.(4) By detailed dissection for ore body geology, it is first detected that Pb-Zn bonanza is rigorously controlled by EW zone of fracture. Moreover, after applying the new discover in exploring and mining engineering in the Tamu, Alaerqia and Kalayasikake mines, the rate of measuring ore reserves by engineering has been doubled, grade of ores mined has been increased about 30%.(5) The 3D morphology of main orebody, F10 fault and fracture zone in the Tamu Pb-Zn mine are first simulated, which more clearly reveals positional relation of orebody and structure. The result demonstrates that NNW fracture F10 controls main orebody, and EW zone of fracture derived F10 controls rich ore body.(6) On the basis of geological and geochemical characteristics of the typical ore deposits, it is further demonstrated that the Pb-Zn ore deposits in this district is MVT; and ore-forming elements are original from the upper crust horizon such as pre-devonian; the high salinity ore-forming fluids are mixture of oil field brine and deep hot brine recharged by meteoric water in middle-low temperature; migration with bisulfide complex form; the main driving force in migration of ore forming fluids origins tectonic stress.(7) By analyzing the regularities of regional metallogeny and crustal evolution, it is demonstrated that main mineralization of Pb-Zn-Cu is caused by thrusting of Himalayan orogenic movement, the mineralization model of thrust nappe structure is first built up.(8) According to the structural metallogenic model and EH4 surveying results, the deep extension of Tamu main ore body is predicted. The prediction has been confirmed by 3 drill holes and the reserves increased almost double. The ore prediction by structural mineralization models in the Alaerqia and Kalayasikake is also confirmed by exploration engineering and new about 120,000 tons of Pb and Zn have been discovered.(9) By using of the model of the regional structural controlling on mineralization and regional geochemical exploration results, regional metallogenic potential is predicted and two target-areas of first-order and and one target-area of second-order have been delineated.