The Study On The Unification, Evolution And The Central Structrue Of Blazars

In this thesis, I have summarized basic properties, major characteristics, the current results of observations, and theoretical studies on active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Especially, I reviewed the special subclass of AGNs, blazars, focusing on properties of multi-band spectra energy distribution, the unification and evolution of blazer, and the relevant theoretical models. The thesis summarized the works and results of researches of blazars during my PhD in central configurations, masses of central black holes, unification and evolution.The main works and results are: (I) Using a model to calculate the . absorption of high-energy gamma rays by the diffuse radiation of emission lines and diluted blackbody from broad line region (BLR). Firstly, I calculated the absorption of gamma rays for FSRQs. The gamma rays of 10-200 GeV cannot escape from the two radiation fields if the gamma rays are emitted close to inner radius of BLR. Secondly, I calculated the absorption for HFSRQ PKS 0405-0123 and classical FSRQ 3C 279. If gamma rays are emitted close to inner radius, the gamma rays of 10-200 GeV in PKS 0405-0123 cannot escape from the two radiation fields. For 3C 279, the gamma rays around 10 GeV are partly absorped by the two radiations, which is not consistent with observations. The rest of gamma rays cannot escape from the two radiations if gamma rays are emitted close to inner radius. Comparing the results predicted with GLAST observations in future can limit the emission region of 10-200 GeV gamma rays relative to BLR and structure of BLR. (II) (II)Spectrophotometry and photometry for a sample of blazars are performed. Comparing the black hole masses M_H from the minimum variability timescales with M_BH from the reverberation mapping show differences between M_BH and M_H are not larger than one order of magnitude, and M_BH are systemically larger than M_H. It is probable that M_BH represent the mass inside the BLR, while M_H represent the mass inside the continual emission region. It indicates that the mass contained in the region from the BLR to the continual emission region should besubtracted from M_BH. (III) I found that broad emission line of H_βhas adouble peaked profile, and tried to explain the double peaked profile of PKS 1510-089. I also found that broad Balmer emission lines probably have gravtitational redshifts. I tried to explain in the context of binry black hole model the quasi-periodic optical darkening and brightening, the H_βdouble peaked profile, the gravitational redshift of H_βemission line,and the wiggling of jet. I calculated the gravitational wave radiation from the black hole binary. The primary black hole mass derived from the gravitational redshift is in agreement with results from the minimum variability timescales and the reverberation mapping. (IV) FSRQs and BL Lacs should be the single population and are at the different phases. FR II BL Lacs are probably the intermediate stage in the sequence from FSRQs to FR I BL Lacs, and it is probable that the central black holes of FR II BL Lacs spin faster than those of FR I BL Lacs. The parent populations of FR II and FR I BL Lacs are FR II (G) and FR I radio galaxies, respectively.There are six chapters in this thesis altogether. The first two chapters are the reviews of backgroud and the last four chapters are the part of my works. Chapter one is a review of the basic properties, major characteristics, and classifications of AGNs and blazars. Chapter two reviews various methods estimating the central black hole masses of AGNs. Chapter three focuses on study of high energy gamma-rays and structures of broad emission line regions in powerful blazars. Chapter four presents works on estimating the central black hole masses of blazars by two different methods. Chapter five presents my investigations on PKS 1510-089. Chapter six introduces study on unification and evolution of blazars, and relationship of blazars with FR radio galaxies.