Acute Phase Proteins: AntithrombinⅢ, Plasma Fibronectin, Transthyretin And Albumin, Their Locations In Amphioxus And The Changes Of Their Concentrations After Treatment With LPS

The acute phase response (APR) is a prominent systemic reaction of the organism to local or systemic disturbances in its homeostasis caused by infection, tissue injury, trauma or surgery, neoplastic growth or immunological disorders.Durring acute phase respose, many plasma proteins called acute phase proteins are invoved in and their synthesis rate in liver and the concentration in seum changed.Plasma antithrombinIII, fibronectin, transthyretin (also known as prealbumin) and albumin are all acute phase plasma proteins in mammalian species, which are primarily synthesized in the liver. Here show for the first time that both sheep anti-human antithrombinIII, sheep anti-human plasma fibronectin, antibody cross-reacted with amphioxus humoral fluids as well as human serum. Also it is demonstrated that both goat anti-human prealbumin and sheep anti-human albumin antibodies cross-reacted with human serum and with the humoral fluids in amphioxus, a cephalochordate. These proteins in amphioxus have molecular weight as 55 kDa, 225 kDa, 66 kDa and 56 kDa respectively. So far, antithrombin, prealbumin and albumin have been reported only in vertebrate species, thus the finding of the three proteins in amphioxus, a cephalochordate, push the evolution existence back to the protochordate lineage.In eutherians, antithrombin III and plasma fibronectin are both positive acute phase proteins, which the synthesis rate in liver and the concentration in seum decreased during acute phase response; while albumin and prealbumin, both as negative acute phase proteins, the synthesis rate in liver and the concentration in seum decreased significantly. In this study, it was demonstrated that the concentrations of...