| In the geological application of remote sensing, the subtle features of Rocks and Minerals(r.m.) of spectrum and space distribution is it's the superiority to remote sensing with high resolution. With the higher performances for the improved sensor, special for the spectral resolution, with the more improved the technique environment for distinguishing and extraction the r.m. information. But, for there is very narrow bandwidth to high spectral resolution imaging spectrometer, in the remote sensing, extraction and discrimination r.m. spectral information process, spectral information of r.m. is easy effected and controlled by a few factors. The paper moves round the for the remote sensing, extraction and discrimination r.m. spectral information process, such as the component, interior structure, and the exterior background ,or process with closer to spectral characteristic information of rocks and minerals, by the method combined for the theory, model, simulation and measurement, develops analyzing the factors of the mineral composition all of r.m., type of structure, chemical composition, weathered action, grain size, high temperature, atmospheric component of gases molecule, geometric measurement condition, the movement situation of platform, optical transfer function(OPT),response function of detector, and the resolution of spectral, space and ratio of signal-noise etc. effect the extraction and distinguishing the spectral properties information for r.m.. In the basement for more systematic researching spectral information of r.m., the paper expounds the application analysis of spectral properties of r.m. with high spectral resolution in multi-spectral technology for remote sensing, and systematic investigates the methodology with practical effect for the extraction and discrimination spectral information of r.m. using airborne imaging spectrometric remote sensing data at the Hami area in Xinjiang autonomy.The main results have been obtained by the work of researching in this paper:1. Spectral characteristic and differences of the rocks and mineralsâ‘ The spectral features, differences and formation cause of igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic rocks difference deposits is summarized by analyzing the spectral signatures of rocks, minerals and ores in test area;the intensity and type of limonite, clay altered among the dong-ping and huang-tu-liang Au deposits and san-dao-gou multi-metal deposits, and preliminarily discusses the forming temperature of the deposits of 3.â‘¡From the geometric relation with optical position of measurement, analyzing and summing up the influence of r.m. spectral features to changes of incident angle and azimuth, reflected and viewing angle: the spectral reflectance changes, but the absorption features isn't changed by the changes of incident angle and azimuth, reflected and viewing angle;and summarized the spectral differences under inside and outdoor, different irradiance in solar spectra.â‘¢completely investigating the differences and law of rock and minerals effected by its grain size, weathered extent and temperature;the stability of spectral features and feature parameters r.m in all of different condition is evaluated;the phenomenon to" different spectra with equal to material "and " different materials with equal to spectra", effect and reduce or the method of elimination are discussed profoundly;meanwhile, the technique principle of hyperspectral resolution features in the quantitative application in r.m. distinguish is suggested, the actual factor and technique guiding principle are provided in order to develop the precision classification and discrimination.â‘£preliminarily make an inquiry into the spectral differences under high condition about r.m. by trial analysis the features and its parameters. The feature absorption become the more wide and more shallow with increasing temperature;Contrary, the feature absorption become the more deep and more narrow with reducing temperature, and the wavelength of feature absorption moves to long wavelength with temperature change.2. Analyzing factors of effecting the spectral information extraction and identification in remotesensingâ‘ atmospheric transfer: the component and structure of atmosphere are summarized, the model and theory of atmospheric transfer are analyzed, and the spectra simulation of different altitude is done by 6s model;The complex and changes of incident flex and reflected spectrum from r.m. is profoundly recognized;This work is very important signification for development resuming method of high spectral remote sensing of r.m., improved the spectral construction precision of imaging spectrometer remote sensing and being restored original state the internal spectral feature of rocks and minerals.â‘¡the direction reflection of remote sensing spectral properties of rocks and mineralsThe direction reflection doesn't effect the feature absorption of r.m., but effects its reflectance. Inremote sensing image, spectral information extraction and recognition in different flight lines is influenced by direction reflection properties. The principle of direct reflection is analyzed from theory, and the calculation about revising radiance different is developed. The complex and all of change .multi-effects and un-stability are sufficiently recognized to remote sensing radiance distort. The reflection property is comprehensive effects of earth surface geographical complex, atmospheric variable property and movement of viewing. Specially, the phenomenon is distinctly displayed in airborne imaging spectrometer remote sensing.(3) sensorThe effects to r.m. spectral information extraction discrimination by spectral and geometric resolution and ratio of signal-noise are considered. On the basis of spectral features and differences of r.m., different spectral resolution requirement in quantitative analysis for the surveying of rocks & minerals, abundance of minerals and component analysis is proposed, and resolution become gradually high.Theoretically analyzing the effecting pixels' geometric formation from the platform situation position parameters of aircraft, extraction reflectance from different ground resolution is done using HyMap and OMIS-I imaging spectrometer data. Effect to extracting analyzing target's spectra is more intensity with lower space resolution for the mixing pixels occur. In imaging spectrometer, because of making use of r.m. hyperspectral absorption identification the miners and rocks, space resolution isn't considered for the main factor. It is possible for improved the band's signal-noise.Theoretically analysis showing the ratio signal-noise(S/N) is important and complex specification for imaging spectrometer, and is controlled by a few factors. So as to obtain more subtle spectra characteristic of r.m., high value of S/N about imaging spectrometer data is inquired;The need for S/N is dependent on intensity of r.m.'s spectral absorption, response precision of detector, bandwidth and high reflection radiance;The more intensity absorption needs lower value of S/N. But the weaker absorption recognization, the higher value of S/N.3. The spectral information of rocks & minerals application in multi-spectral remote sensingBy means of the resources satellite sensor band in our country, the high spectral features, band selection and its combined, simulation and application result are done. On the base of completely analysis and summary the reflected signatures of rocks & minerals, peculiarity of spectral information application, ores spectral features of main deposits, simulation analysis with different spectral resolution is developed, the differences between spectral features with different deposits and spectral resolution are evaluated;The band selection is objective to requirement of multi-spectral information in geological survey, evaluation of mineral resources;By way of investigation the airborne imaging spectrometer data, simulation of selected band, verification and comparison of application, the technological produces of simulation wide band using high spectral resolution data is established;Preliminarily selecting multi-spectral band wavelength position, bandpass and number of band in order to meet mineral resources survey is provided scientific basis for designing sensor band of post series resources satellite in our country.4. The technique method for rocks & minerals spectral extraction and discriminationin imaging spectrometer remote sensingSince development of imaging spectrometer technology, the identification method technique and application of direct making use of rock and minerals spectra has become the research hot spot in geological remote sensing, and its application effect in geological remote sensing has displayed. In order to promote practice and engineering progress of imaging spectrometer remote sensing spectral information extraction and discrimination technique method applied in geological investigation, and development to technique production direction, this work is the first to develop practice rock & minerals spectral information extraction and identification method techniques using imaging spectrometer HyMap data with bands of 128 in dong-tian-shan test area of Xinjiang autonomy. The minerals distribution image with chlorite, muscovite, carbonate, kaolinite and serpentine, 3180km area, standard scaled of 1:50,000 is mapped, and the chart with important geological forming deposit of about 300km2 is mapped displaying seven minerals with scale of 1:10,000.By means of this research, preliminarily the method technique process on rock and minerals spectral information extraction and identification is created;The minerals distribution map in test area will provided mineralization altered information for profound analyzing and evaluating formation potentiality;This method technique will promote action for imaging spectrometer technological applied in geological production progress. Meanwhile, this technique will be ready technological ability for airborne and space-borne remote sensing data applied widely in future.
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