Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Kaolinite-Organics Intercalation Compounds

On the basis of integrated analysis of a great deal of literatures and data about the kaolinite-organics intercalation compounds on the preparation , characterization and applications as well as the theories of intercalation, using modern material testing and analyzing techniques, this paper entirely and systematically studies the preparation, characterization and applications of the kaolinite-organics intercalation compounds prepared from the kaolinite rocks from Pingxiang. The main contents of the paper are as follows.Direct intercalated by potassium acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide , N-methylformamide, urea and hydrazine hydrate, some kaolinite-organics intercalation compounds were prepared respectively from kaolinite , and their characterizations are studied.Integratedly analyzing the influence factors on intercalation of the kaolinite- potassium acetate intercalation compound which is high stabile and multipurpose. It is put forword for the first time that the lowest concentration value of potassium acetate which can intercalate is 8%, the prerequisite for preparing the high intercalation ratio complex is the reaction system maintained in aqueous solution saturated with potassium acetate, the best technical parameters of intercalating are confirmed, and the pretreated procedures of raw kaolinites are simplified by experiment data, and all that provide the technique supports for industrial production.Systematically analyzing the influence of temperature on the intercalation ratio of kaolinite-dimethyl sulfoxide intercalation compound, the best technical parameters based on the experiment data change the time from the usual intercalation period of 5~7 days to within 3 hours, the redundant dimethyl sulfoxides adsorbed on the surface of kaolinites are removed effectively by repeated washes with absolute alcohol, and the period of drying the compound is shorteneid The best technical parameters provide a quick preparation method on this intercalation compound for its research, application and its derivatives.By means of displacement method, kaolinite-benzamide, kaolinite methanol, kaolinite-p-nitroaniline, Kaolinite-Polyacrylamide and Kaolinite-Polyethylene Glycols intercalation compounds are prepared and their characterizations are studied. Kaolinite-methanol intercalation compound was proved to be a highly versatile intermediate for further intercalation reaction, and kaolinite-p-nitroaniline intercalation compoundexhibit second-order nonlinear optical properties, so that the abundant kaolinite rocks in China is capable of making function materials.By melt method, both kaolinite- benzamide and kaolinite-polyethylene glycols intercalation compounds are prepared and their optional periods of intercalation are determined. The appearance features of the latter are studied by TEM and SEM images, which shows that the kaolinite exfoliates to nano-lamellars.Through acrylamide polymerized between the layers of kaolinite by heat treatment, kaolinite-polyacrylamide is prepared. The acrylamide monomer is first intercalated by the displacement reaction between a kaolinite- dimethyl sulfoxide or kaolinite-formamide intercalation compound and a acrylamide aqueous solution. The experimental results show that kaolinite- dimethyl sulfoxide intercalation compound is better as a intermediate.By means of contrasting and evaluating on the effects of exfoliation with potassium acetate, hydrazine hydrate and urea, experiment data shows that the speed of exfoliation of kaolinites is the highest by intercalated with hydrazine hydrate, which has a advantage of industrial production, but a hermetically-sealed chamber and a ventilative workshop are needed and the investment is higher. The time of exfoliation of kaolinite by intercalated with potassium acetate is long, but potassium acetate could be firstly applied to industrial production for its innocuity, no pollution, ordinary equipment and simple operation for intercalation. The Urea, used for exfoliation, has too small profits for its heating equipment, long period of reaction and complexity of filtration and rinse, but the kaolinite-urea intercalation compound could be used to prepare nano-kaolinite by which saturated in acid aqueous solution.Using the kaolinite- dimethyl sulfoxide intercalation compound as the precursor, the kaolinite-silver nanoparticle complex are synthesized. The results indicate that the diameter of the silver particles, which can be adjusted by controlling the reaction conditions, has a direct relative to the initial concentration of the reactants. This research provides a effective way to produce high active catalysts by means of using the interlamellar space of a layered kaolinite clay mineral as nano-reactor to synthesize metal nanoparticles.