Diversities Of Eubacteria And Archaea Associated With Marine Sponges Pachychalina Sp. And Suberites Sp. From South China Sea

Marine sponges, known as living fossils of marine organisms, are primary multicellular porifera animals. There are about ten thousand sponge species which are important components of marine biodiversities. A great number of natural active products with novel, specific and complicated structures had been found in it. A fact recognized is that virtually all sponges contain abundant microbes, and these microbes consist of nearly 40% of the total sponge biomass. These microbes are highly significant for marine sponges. A lot of research work on the biodiversity of microbes associated with marine sponges has been reported abroad. The fecundity of the microbes is reasonably important for interpreting the original source of the natural active products in marine sponges. However, it is difficult to identify the real bio-origin sometimes. Sponges and the associated microbes are regarded as precious resources for developing marine medicine in 21st century.Consequently, it was of important scientific value for us to systematically study species, quantities, composition of microbes sojourn in marine sponges and their evolution. An important clue is offered for studying the distribution, the primary origin, and their natural activities. Some practical strategies for exploring natural active products in marine sponges are involved.Pachychalina sp. and Suberites sp. are common sponges in South China Tropical Sea. They are exceptional materials for developing natural bioactive products. We adopted restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes (ARDRA) and cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes techniques to evaluate diversity of archaea and eubacteria associated with the marine sponges Pachychalina sp. and Suberites sp.. The data obtained can be used to describe complete microbial community compositions that indicate possible nutritional requirements and physiological niches of many microbes for known phylogenetic relatives. The results revealed that there did exist proliferous biodiversity of eubacteria associated with Pachychalina sp.. Alpha, gammaproteobacteria are the main microbial communities, which probablely are novel eubacteria species according to the lower similarities of 16S rDNAs compare with those eubacteria's registered in RDP database. Archaea associated with Pachychalina sp. are mainly distributed in Methanogenium organophilum, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Methanoplanus petrolearius, Methanospirittum hungatei and Thermoplasmales acidophilum, and so on. Thermoplasmales acidophilumisthe mala subgroup of archaea associated with Pachychalina sp. in the samples we collected. In additions, by ARDRA silver dying mapping, obvious difference in composition of eubacteria and archaea associated with Pachychalina sp. are presened between cold season and hot season, while it was significantly high to archaea. It means that sea-water temperature could impact on communities of microbes associated with sponges. The analogous diversity is obtained from Suberites sp. by ARDRA sliver dying mapping. In a certain degree, there were obvious differences between communities of eubacteria and archaea associated with Pachychalina sp. and Suberites sp., while some parity was also found between the two marine sponges.At the same time, the study confirmed archaea and eubacteria in Pachychalina sp. have a wild diversity. Two novel eubacteria B32 and B38, and a novel archaea Ar.10, sojourn in marine sponge Pachychalina sp. were obtained. The discovery of mass archaea in sponges supported the theory of the tri-domain biosphere based on archaea, eubacteria and eukarya.