| The Laurencia complex (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the coast of China are investigated in details. According to the differences in number of periaxial cells of per vegetative axial segment, the previous genus Laurencia from China is in this paper divided into two genera, Laurencia with 4 periaxial cells of each vegetative axial segment and Chondrophycus with 2 periaxial cells following the latest development on the study of the Laurencia complex worldwide.The tetrasporangial arrangement previously considered as one of the two criteria in differentiating the two subgenera (Subgenera Laurencia and Chondrophycus) of the genus Laurencia is studied in detail. The tetrasporangial growth from the laterals of the apical depression to the outer periphery of the branchlet is generally regular. The arrangement of tetrasporangia is related to the growth type of branchlets. In the limitless growth type, they are arranged parallel to the axis of the branchlet, in the limited growth type, perpendicular. So it is here considered as a taxonomic criterion second only to the difference in number of periaxial cells per axial cell. Dried and preserved specimens of different species of Laurencia complex from China, also including exchanged specimens from abroad deposited in the Herbarium of the Marine Biological Specimen Museum in the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences were studied in detail with respect to thallus morphology, inner structure, reproductive organs, etc. Thirty-four species of Laurencia with 2 variations from China were previously reported. Of them, some questionable and /or erroroneously identified species are interpreted and revised. There are 29 accepted species and one questionable species, the others are erroroneously identified or synonym species. Twenty species belong to the genus Laurencia (1. Laurencia articulata Tseng,2. L. brongniartii J. Agardh,3. L. chinensis Tseng,4. L. composita Yamada,5. L. decumbens Kuetz.,6. L. galtsoffii Howe,7. L. hongkongensis Tseng, Chang, E.Z.Xia et B.M.Xia,8. L. longicaulis Tseng,9. L. majuscula ( Harv.) Lucas,10. L. mariannensisYamada,11. L. nipponica Yamada,12. L. okamurai Yamada,13. L. pinnata Yamada,14. L. silvai Zhang et B.M.Xia,15. L. subsimplex Tseng,16. L. tenera C.K. Tseng,17. L. tristicha C.K.Tseng, Chang, E.Z.Xia et B.M.Xia,18. L. tropica Yamada,19. L. venusta Yamada,20. L. verticillata Zhang et Xia)), and 10 species to the genus Chondrophycus includinghe one questionable species (marked by *) and 3 new recombined species (marked by **)by the authors (1. Chondrophycus capituliformis (Yamada) Garbary et Harper,2. C. cartilagineus (Yamada) Garbary et Harper,3. C. intermedius (Yamada) Garbary et Harper,4**. C. jejunus (Tseng) Ding et Tseng comb. nov.,5**. C. palisadus (Yamada) Ding et Tseng comb.nov.,6. C. papillosus (C. Agardh) Garbary et Harper,7. C. parvipapillatus (Tseng) Garbary et Harpery,8**. C. surculigerus (Tseng) Ding et Tseng comb.nov.,9. C. undulatus (Yamada) Garbary et Harper,10*. C. paniculatus (C. Agardh) G. Furnari)).As a result of this study, 7 more species are added to the list of Chinese Laurencia complex with 4 species in the genus Laurencia and 3 in the genus Chondrophycus. Of which 2 are new species Laurencia karlae sp.nov.,Chondrophycus zhangii sp.nov. and 5 are new record species including L. omaezakiana Masuda,L. saitoi Perestenko,L. similis Nam et Saitoï¼›, C. concretus (Cribb) Ding et Tseng comb.nov.,C. kangjaewonii (Nam et Sohn) Garbary et Harper. Thus, the new taxonomic system of the Laurencia complex from China is affirmed with 2 genera and 37 species including 24 species of the genus Laurencia and 13 species of the genus Chondrophycus, namely:A. Laurencia Lamouroux:1. Laurencia articulata Tseng,2. L. brongniartii J. Agardh,3. L. chinensis Tseng,4. L. composita Yamada,5. L. decumbens Kuetz.,6. L. galtsoffii Howe,7. L. hongkongensis Tseng, Chang, E.Z.Xia et B.M.Xia,8. L. karlae sp.nov.,9. L. longicaulis Tseng,10. L. majuscula...
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