| Research objectives: Due to the increasingly prominent situation of aging society and the health problems existing in the elderly,through visiting and interviewing,this paper investigated and analyzed the nutrition status of the daily diet of 332 elderly people in a community located in Wanzhou District,Chongqing,trying to promote the harmony and stability of the country and society,putting forward good suggestions for the dietary nutrition of the elderly and reduction of the high incidence of chronic diseases among the elderly.It provides suggestions for the elderly to improve the dietary nutrition structure.At the same time,it puts forwards some corresponding countermeasures for the pension institutions,hoping to play a positive role in improving the quality of the elderly’s lives and promoting the healthy development of population aging.Research methods: Using the questionnaire survey of 24-hour dietary review method for three consecutive days and the self-designed nutrition knowledge,attitude,practice(KAP)and frequency of food intake,the elderly groups in a community in Wanzhou District,Chongqing were randomly selected to do the on-site questionnaire survey about two different extended aged care modes(extended aged care at private nursing home and extended aged care at home).The data results were obtained through the database established by Epdi3.0 and Excl table.SPSS was used for statistical analysis.Combined with the survey results and compared with the standard of "Recommended Dietary Nutrients of Chinese residents",it analyzed whether the daily dietary nutrition structure of the research object was reasonable.According to the standard of "Recommended Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents",suggestions on the dietary structure of the subjects were proposed.Research results: In this research,332 elderly people living in two different pension modes were sampled in a community of Wanzhou District,Chongqing,including 107 elderly people living in private pension institutions and 225 elderly people living in home pension mode.Specific research results are as follows:(1)Grains,vegetables and meat were the most frequent foods in the survey group.Among the foods,the frequency of cereals and vegetables was up to 100%;90.28% of the surveyed people eat meat every day;The frequency of daily consumption of fruits and eggs was only 52.44% and 46.22%.The frequency of consuming potato and soybean at least once a week was 88.89%.The lowest frequency of food consumption was aquatic products,and the frequency of its consumption at least once a week was 60%;The frequency of daily consumption of milk and dairy products and nuts was only 13.33% and 4.4% respectively.(2)The intake of grain,animal food,soy,nuts and salt was much higher than the recommended daily intake,which was 136.93%,164.01%,206.47% and111.60% respectively.The intake of potatoes and milk and dairy products was far below the recommended daily intake,at 3.53% and 22.51% respectively;The elderly in home care had more diversified food intake and more comprehensive nutrition than those in care institutions(P< 0.05).The younger the elderly and the higher the education level and the economic income,the more comprehensively to intake the nutrients,which existing a significant difference(P<0.05).(3)The energy supply ratio of protein and fat was too high,reaching to20.10% and 40.17%,which both exceeded the minimum and maximum of the recommended nutrient intake ratio;the energy supply ratio of carbohydrate was too low,not reaching the minimum of the recommended nutrient intake ratio(39.74%).The diet structure of the survey group is not reasonable.(4)The most respondents had knowledge about nutrition related to diet and disease.For example,the accuracy rate was as high as 99.56% in the knowledge of "what diabetic patients should not eat";However,the knowledge of dietary nutrition structure is not enough.In the knowledge of "balanced diet pagoda",the accuracy rate is the lowest at 24.44%.The understanding degree of nutrition knowledge of the survey subjects was affected by different life patterns,gender,age,educational level and economic income.The average score of nutrition knowledge of the elderly people in home care institutions was higher(10.45±1.07)than that of the elderly people in nursing institutions(9.32±2.20),and the score of knowledge of the male elderly was higher than that of the female elderly.The younger the age,the higher the education,culture and economic income,the higher the knowledge score,and there were significant differences above(P<0.05).(5)Among the survey subjects,31.93% of the elderly have the habit of smoking,30.43% of the elderly have the habit of drinking;only 12.35% of the elderly took nutritional supplements.(6)Among respondents,the main way to acquire nutrition knowledge is "TV",and the demand for the knowledge of nutrition and disease is the most.(7)Conclusions: The overall intake of the surveyed group is good,but the overall intake of trace elements is insufficient.The intake of cereals,meat and salt was high and the intake of fruits,potatoes and oils is low.The overall dietary structure is not reasonable.The energy supply ratio of fat and protein is higher than the recommended energy supply ratio,and the energy supply ratio of carbohydrate is low.It is suggested that dietary nutrition knowledge should be propagated among the elderly in this area,and rational dietary structure programs should be provided for the public and individuals. |
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