| Zhang Zhongjing used raw Radix aconiti carmichaeli or processed one in different way,is very unique in the processing methods and usage.Radix aconiti carmichaeli is a commonly used toxic traditional Chinese medicine,In "Treatise on miscellaneous diseases",Radix aconiti carmichaeli used in raw and roasting way,is very different with 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia,in which Radix aconiti carmichaeli has been immersed in gall bladder,processed to heishunpian,baifupian,paofupian,paofupian.This project simulated the method of Zhang Zhongjing,prepared raw,roasting Radix aconiti carmichaeli,compared with the Pharmacopoeia yinpian.Through expounded on scientific connotation of based on the material basis of Zhang Zhongjing used Radix aconiti carmichaeli in raw and roasting way,to made an objective evaluation of Radix aconiti carmichaeli’s classical processing methods which was different from the current version of the Pharmacopoeia methods,to provided experimental data support to traditional Chinese medicine processing technology’s heritage and innovation.In order to maximize the reduction of the Radix aconiti carmichaeli used by Zhang Zhongjing,this study digged Zhang Zhongjing’s main life and practice locationNanyang’s wild aconite,to compared with Jiangyou’s cultivated aconite for the first time.1.Study on the Scientific Connotation of Radix aconiti carmichaeli being used in rawTo used the weighing method for objective quantitative research,to confirmed Zhang Zhongjing’ dosage of aconite "pieces".Natural variety and cultivated variety had been graded and weighed,15 each grade.Weighed every one when they were fresh and after they been dried.Results:Jiangyou and Nanyang’s dry wet ratio was 0.37,0.38,merely the same.Nanyang’s big aconite,medium grade and little grade was respectively 5.1g,3.0g,1.3g.Jiangyou’s aconite in each grade was Nanyang’s 3.3-4.4 times.We find that big one was unusual during harvesting,little one may still inadequate,so we inferenced that Zhang was used the middle one,which meant the dosage in "Treatise on miscellaneous diseases" was about 3.0g.Conclusion:Nanyang’s wild aconite was obviously smaller than Jiangyou’s cultivated one.Generally,Zhang Zhongjing’s dosage was about 3.0g.The study of Zhang peeled Radix ’s scientific connotation.To Compared Jiangyou and Nanyang’ aconite velamen whole aconite ratio,water content,3 monoester diterpenoid alkaloids and 3 diester diterpenoid alkaloids had been detected.Results:3 monoester diterpenoid alkaloids in Jiangyou and Nanyang’ velamen was respectively 0.0064%,0.0186%,much lower than peeled Radix aconite carmichaeli,which was respectively 0.0159%,0.0276%,and also lower than whole aconite,which was respectively 0.0181%,0.0243%.3 Diester diterpenoid alkaloids in velamen was respectively 0.3220%,0.8793%,much more higher than peeled one,which was 0.1251%,0.6853%,and also much more higher than whole aconite,which was respectively 0.1698%,0.5660.Jiangyou’s velamen was about 10%of whole weight,and diester diterpenoid alkaloids in velamen was accounted for nearly 22%of whole Radix aconiti carmichaeli.Nanyang’s velamen was about 11%of whole weight,and diester diterpenoid alkaloids in velamen was accounted for nearly 14%of whole Radix aconiti carmichaeli.It is easy to see that the proportion of diester diterpenoid alkaloids in the two place has been higher than the weight ratio,the purpose of peeling may be to reduce the toxicity,.2.Study on the Excavation and Innovation of Zhang Zhongjing’s roasting MethodTo used Jiangyou’s Radix aconiti carmichaeli as processing object.Detected color,grain,3 diester diterpenoid alkaloids,3 monoester diterpenoid alkaloids,7 water soluble alkaloids by colorimeter,texture analyzer and HPLC.To chosed one methods from ancient roasting,baking,frying and sand-scorching method to processing yinpian which had the same quality with Zhang’s era.Visual observation and colorimeter’s detection results was no difference,sand-scorch and baking can achieved both inside and outside the yellow,and the appearance between the same batch and different batches was closer.Fried yinpian can easily achieve the outside coke endogenous with focal spot,Yinpian had much difference with powder.Ancient roasting method’s reproducibility was low.To detected results of texture by hand-off sensory and texture analyzer was consistent.The maximum shear force of baking and sand-scorch method was obviously smaller than that of the ancient roasting and frying,and the RSD value between the different batches was smaller,illustrated that sand-scorching yinpian was more crisp,process reproducibility was better than the other 2 methods.3 Diester diterpenoid alkaloids in 4 kinds yinpian processed by 4 methods:ancient roasting,baking,frying and sand-scorching compared with raw one which was 0.1698%,were reduced by 88.9%,90.5%,91.8%and 93.5%respectively,which indicated that toxicity of the 4 kinds of processed products had a significant decrease compared with the raw materials.However,Tongue didn’t feel numb when eat some yinpian processed by ancient roasting and fring,showed that the two methods existed over processed problem.The amount of 3 monoester diterpenoid alkaloids in 4 kinds of processed products compared with raw Radix which was 0.0181%,were increased 297.2%,255.2%,368.0%,385.6%.The total amount of 7 kinds of water-soluble alkaloids in the raw was 0.1360%.After the processing,besides baking yinpian,which was increased 41.8%,the total amount of the other 3 kinds of processed products was reduced 39.6%,52.7%,41.5%respectively.Finally,the comprehensive scoring method was used to compare the four methods.Results:baking method 0.9197>sand scorching 0.8725>frying method 0.7212>ancient roasting 0.6629,Conclusions:baking method and sand-scorching can not only achieve the appearance characteristics of the roasting yinpian processed by Zhang Zhongjing,but also can reduce toxicity and increasing efficiency.Sand-scorching was very simple to operate,and was easily to control quality.3.Study on Zhang Zhongjing’s roasting fuzi compared with paofupianThe results showed that the content of monoester,diester diterpenoid alkaloids and water-soluble alkaloids in heishunpian were 0.0348%,0.0067%and 0.0005%respectively,and the amount of monoester diterpenoid alkaloids reduced by 65.2%,diester diterpenoid alkaloids was not detected,water-soluble alkaloids content increased to 0.0018%after sand-scorching.The content of monoester,diester diterpenoid alkaloids and water-soluble alkaloids in Jiangyou’s shengfupian were 0.0181%,0.1698%and 0.1470%respectively.The content of monoester diterpenoid alkaloids increased 168.0%,the content of diester diterpenoid alkaloids decreased by 89.2%,and the content of water-soluble alkaloids decreased by 41.5%after sand-scorching.The content of monoester,diester diterpenoid alkaloids and water-soluble alkaloids in Nanyang’s raw aconite were 0.0243%,0.5660%and 0.1460%respectively.The content of monoester diterpenoid alkaloids increased 1028.4%,the content of diester diterpenoid alkaloids decreased by 2371.6%,and the content of water-soluble alkaloids decreased by 20.1%after sand-scorching.Then,the characteristic spectrums of the 6 kinds of yinpian were compared.There were 11 common peaks in the lipid soluble characteristic spectrum of raw aconite,and the number of common peaks increased to 19,and 3 monoester diterpenoid alkaloids increased 210%after sand-scorching.There were 5 common peaks in the lipid soluble characteristic spectrum of 3 batches of heishunpian,and the number of common peaks decreased to 4,and the addition of benzoyl aconitine was increased about 83.9%,Aconitine was not been detected,the other two common peaks area difference is not obvious after sand-scorching.The water-soluble characteristic spectrum of raw aconite had 23 common peaks,and was increased to 29,total peak area was increased 7.3%after sand-scorching.The water-soluble characteristic spectrum of heishunpian had 38 common peaks,and was increased to 47 in paofupian,total peak area was increased 75.6%after sand-scorching.However,total peak area of heishunpian and paofupian were much more lower than raw aconite and roasting-fuzi.The chemical constituents of the four kinds of yinpian were further analyzed by the combination of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and ion trajectory combined with high resolution mass spectrometry.The results showed that 81 components were detected in Jiangyou’s shengfupian,and 10 components could not been detected anymore,added 26 components after sand-scorching.80 components were detected in Nanyang’s raw aconite,and 16 components could not been detected anymore,added 34 components after sand-scorching.34 components were detected in heishunpian,and 12 components could not been detected anymore,added 19 components after sand-scorching.Compared with paofupian,roasting-fuzi components lost less,and the ion abundance was high.Through the above research found that roasting-fuzi compared with paofupian,diester diterpenoid alkaloids higher than paofupian,but significantly reduced from the raw one,monoester diterpenoid alkaloids was more than 7 times to paofupian,water-soluble alkaloids was more than 47 times to paofupian,and had more ingredients,indicated that roasting-fuzi can better achieve the purpose of reducing toxicity,Zhang Zhongjing’s roasting method had its advantages.In summary,peeling may be used to reduce the toxicity,and roasting can reduce the toxicity,increase the total content of active ingredients at the same time,worthy of further study. |
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