| Chronic Respiratory Diseases(CRD)mainly include Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD),bronchial asthma,bronchiectasis,tuberculosis and disseminated pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,which have a high incidence and heavy economic burden,seriously affect the physical and mental health of Chinese residents.According to relevant studies,there are nearly 100 million COPD patients and 45.7 million asthma patients in China,and the standardized CRD mortality rate of Chinese men and women is 896,000 per 100,000 and 66.7 per 100,000,respectively.Health education is a strategic measure of health care and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.At present,although there are relevant studies on health education for people with chronic diseases at home and abroad,the main intervention group is patients,especially hospitalized patients,while relevant studies on CRD health education intervention for ordinary residents are still lacking.Therefore,this study conducted a survey of residents’ demands on CRD prevention and control knowledge to explore health education programs suitable for different groups,so as to carry out targeted CRD health education intervention and improve residents’ health literacy.Objective:To explore a popular science program for prevention and treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases that conforms to regional characteristics and is suitable for different audiences。Methods:The survey was conducted between April 1,2022 and December 31,2022,among residents in Guangzhou and surrounding cities.The paper and electronic versions of self-made questionnaire Survey of Residents’ Knowledge Needs for Health Education of Chronic Respiratory Diseases were used to conduct an anonymous survey of residents in the survey area.The content of the survey included six aspects: general information,smoking behavior,CRD popular science knowledge demand for health education content,health education form demand,health education place demand and health education network push mode demand.After pre-survey,questionnaire reliability and validity verification,expert review and questionnaire modification,descriptive analysis,comparative analysis and association rule analysis were used to analyze the "active health needs" and "passive needs" of different groups for CRD prevention and control knowledge from the two perspectives of "active health needs" and "tobacco dependence status",so as to put forward the corresponding CRD prevention knowledge health education program.Results:1.Among the 914 respondents,413 were male,accounting for 45.19%,and 501 were female,accounting for 54.81%.In terms of age,the age group of "18-35 years old" was the largest,accounting for 54.49%.In the occupation,the number of "on-the-job" was the largest,with 494 people,accounting for 54.05%.In terms of education level,the number of "university or above" was the largest,with 564 people,accounting for 61.70%.Among the marital status,the number of married people was the largest,522 people,accounting for 57.11%.Among the cases of basic diseases,89 residents suffered from basic diseases,accounting for 9.74%.Among the smoking conditions,114 people smoked,accounting for 12.47%,and 800 people never smoked,accounting for 87.53%.2.In terms of the demand for health education content of chronic respiratory diseases,most people expressed the need,and the top three were diet guidance(56.56%),causes/risk factors(54.81%)and disease rehabilitation/health care(54.38%).The lowest demand was psychological guidance,only 49.23% of the residents said they had a need for it.3.In terms of active health demand: most respondents had a high demand for CRD prevention and treatment of health education knowledge content.According to "demand for health education knowledge content",respondents could be divided into:(1)"All demand free group" :It was characterized by male,college degree or above,working and married people with the largest proportion,young people with the largest proportion,and people with basic diseases with the smallest proportion.The demand degree of health education form,place and network push was low.(2)"All in need group" :It was characterized by a large proportion of women,people with college degrees or above,and people with on-the-job,young people and basic diseases.The demand degree of health education form,place and network push was high.(3)"Partial Need group" :It was characterized by the largest proportion of female,college degree or above,married people,the largest proportion of basic patients,and the small proportion of young people and working people.There was a high demand for small lectures for medical staff,forms of health knowledge publicity boards and brochures in hospitals,places in hospitals,community health service centers/outpatient departments and parks or squares near where people live,short videos(3 ～ 5min),pictures/cartoons and network push with a combination of various forms.(4)"Potential demand group" : It was characterized by male,secondary school education,married population with the largest proportion,working population with a larger proportion,young people with basic patients with less proportion.Most of the population did not show clear demand attitude towards the form,place and network push of health education.4.The smoking rate of residents was 12.47%,47.37% of smokers started to smoke their first cigarette when they were between 18 and 30 years old,47.37% of smokers smoked for more than 20 years,and 45.61% of smokers smoked 1-2 packs per day.44.74% of smokers said that they did not care about the content of health education,and only 39.47% of smokers said that they had a demand for health education,while most of the residents with smoking relatives and friends had a demand for health education.5.In terms of passive health demand :(1)"All demand free group" :It was characterized by a high proportion of smokers,a low proportion of smokers among family members and a high proportion of smokers among friends.Among them,the none-smokers were mainly female residents who were working and had no underlying diseases,while the smokers were mainly residents with primary school education or below and those with underlying diseases.(2)"All in need group" :It was characterized by the lowest proportion of smokers,the highest proportion of smokers among family members and the lowest proportion of smokers among friends.In addition,the majority of none-smokers and smokers were male residents aged 51-65,with secondary school education,married,working and without underlying diseases.(3)"Partial Need group" :It was characterized by a small proportion of smokers,the largest proportion of smokers among family members and a large proportion of smokers among friends.And the majority ofnone-smokers and smokers were female residents aged 18-35.(4)"Potential demand group" :It was characterized by the highest proportion of smokers,the lowest proportion of smokers among family members and the highest proportion of smokers among friends.Among them,none-smokers were mainly female residents aged 36-50 years without underlying diseases,and smokers were mainly male residents aged 51-65 years,with primary school education or below,married and employed.Conclusions:1.Most of the surveyed residents had a high demand for the content of health education for CRD prevention and treatment,and also had certain demand for the form,place and network push form of health education.Therefore,targeted health education intervention could be carried out to improve the health literacy of residents by taking advantage of the "active health needs" of the surveyed residents.2.According to the different demands of the surveyed residents on health education content,they could be divided into four types: "All in need group",Residents in the "All in need group","Partial Need group" and "Potential demand group".There were significant differences among all types in "active health needs","passive health needs" and population characteristics.In order to raise different groups’ awareness of smoking-related diseases,CRD and smoking cessation,and promote their active participation in health screening and the formation of good living habits,it was necessary to formulate targeted health education programs according to the "active health needs" and "passive health needs" of different types of people. |
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