The Processing Technology And Quality Standard Of Myristica Fragrans Houtt. With Simmering

Myristica fragrans Houtt.is the dried seed kernel of Myristica fragrans,a genus of myristica in the family Myrtaceae.The main therapeutic effects are vomiting,diarrhoea and flatulence.Due to the presence of the toxic components myristicin,safrole and elemicin,the raw product must be processed and then used as medicine,and the processing has the effect of reducing toxicity and increasing beneficial effects.To this end,this paper is to optimise the processing conditions of"M.fragrans by talcum powder simmering"and to establish the corresponding quality control indexes.The specific process parameters of talcum powder simmered M.fragrans in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2020 edition）and the Jilin Provincial Standard for the Processing of Chinese Medicines were supplemented to effectively control the quality of talcum powder simmered M.fragrans tablets.The research methods and main results are as follows:1.Processing optimisation:The best concoction process is putting talcum powder of 50%of the medicinal material quality,placed in a hot pot,fry until flexible state,add net M.fragrans,placed in preheated frying machine,frying at 140±10℃,slowly turning,simmering time of 25minutes,to simmer until the surface slightly drum microscopic yellow,sieved at 70 passes/min to remove surface talc and leave to cool.2.Study on the quality standard:including character,identification,examination and content determination,etc.Nine batches of pilot scale up validation experiments were carried out on the basis of small trials,and heavy metal testing was added to the checklist to improve quality standards.3.Studies on the essential oil,methanol and water extracts of M.fragrans before and after processing:Essential oil extract:Extraction of essential oils by distillation with water vapour.The GC-MS analysis identified 28 compounds in the essential oil of the raw product,among which compounds were fenchlorphos（21.23%）,myristicin（12.95%）,safrole（0.35%）and elemicin（8.29%）;21 compounds were identified in the essential oil of the processed product,including fenchlorphos（26.23%）,myristicin（15.9%）,safrole（0.24%）and elemicin（2.33%）.The total content of the three toxic components,myristicin,safrole and elemicin,was reduced from 1.91%to 1.16%before and after processing,indicating that the toxic components were reduced by0.75%.The IC₅₀s for DPPH scavenging activity were 1.002 and 0.233 mg/m L,and for ABTS scavenging activity were 0.132 and 0.057 mg/m L,before and after processing.The absorbance for Fe³⁺reduction was 0.213-0.709 and 0.225-0.755 in the concentration range of 0.5-5 mg/m L,respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the essential oils before and after processing were 250±0.05 and 31.25±0.03μg/m L for Staphylococcus aureus;250±0.06 and62.5±0.05μg/m L for Bacillus subtilis;and 250±0.05 and 250±0.04μg/m L for Escherichia coli,respectively.The enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity after processing was better than that of the raw product.Toxicity was also assessed using a zebrafish embryotoxicity assay,which showed that the survival rate of the processed volatile oil was higher than that of the raw product at six concentrations from 0 to 168 hours after fertilisation.Taken together,this suggests that processing has the effect of reducing toxicity and increasing beneficial effects.Methanol extract:Qualitative analysis of the alcoholic extracts before and after processing was carried out using Ultra High Performance Liquid Phase Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer,resulting in the identification of seven compounds in the raw product form as2-（3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl）butanoic acid,Licarin A,Odoratisol A,myristicin,dehydrodiisoeugenol,methyl eugenol,4-Methoxy-6-{（2S,3S）-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[（1E）-1-pro-pen-1-y1]-2,3-dihydro-1-ben-zofuran-2-yl}-1,3-benzodioxole.7 compounds were also identified in the processed product,but 1 new component,Licarin B,was added and Odoratisol A,and other ingredients remain unchanged.Processing was found to have an effect on the chemical composition.Water extract:Due to the relatively high content of M.fragrans oils and fats,the traditional hot water reflux method of extraction is based on the use of petroleum ether-ethanol for degreasing and decolourisation.The number of degreasing,extraction temperature,extraction time and solid-liquid ratio were used as influencing factors.The optimum extraction process was obtained as follows:degreasing 3 times,extraction temperature 82℃,extraction time 170 min,solid-liquid ratio 1:15（g/m L）.The extraction rates of polysaccharides extracted according to the optimal process were 3.55±0.46%for the raw product and 9.13±0.59%for the processed product.The polysaccharide colour changed from yellow to white and the polysaccharide extraction rate and quality increased after processing.The IC₅₀of crude polysaccharide from M.fragrans before and after processing were 1.822 and 0.449 mg/m L for ABTS scavenging ability respectively.The IC₅₀of polysaccharide extracts before and after processing were 6.18 and 5.016mg/m L for DPPH scavenging activity respectively.Processing improves the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides.4.Spectral effect relationship between M.fragrans and processed fingerprints and antioxidant effect study:to establish HPLC fingerprints of M.fragrans and processed,the 11common peaks in M.fragrans and processed samples were detected,and the similarity of the 10batches of M.fragrans and processed samples ranged from 0.823 to 0.983.Cluster analysis ten batches of M.fragrans and processed could be clustered into 2 categories.Principal component analysisdimensionalityreductionextractedfourprincipalcomponents.The grey relational degree analysis results showed that the association degrees between the 11common peaks and antioxidant effects were all above 0.6,indicating that M.fragrans with simmering exerting antioxidant activities is a result of the comprehensive effects of components groups,not determined solely by individual components,but a combination of multiple components.The subject is optimised simmering M.fragrans with talcum powder,which has enhanced activity and reduced toxicity,which may provide a reference basis for specific parameters of talcum powder simmering M.fragrans processing process and effectively control the quality of M.fragrans drinkers for talcum powder simmering.It has refined the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2020 Edition）and revised the Jilin traditional Chinese medicine processing standard for TCM processing of talcum powder simmering M.fragrans to provide reference for the quality control of TCM.