| Objective:(1)To sort out the lineage of the "warming method",to collate the theories and the scope of application of the "warming method" by medical practitioners over the ages,and to provide a documentary basis for the study of the "warming method" in ancient Dunhuang medical prescriptions.(2)To explore the warming drugs involved in ancient Dunhuang medical prescriptions and to analyse the characteristics of the warming drugs and their applications in ancient Dunhuang medical prescriptions.(3)To explore the specific forms and combinations of warming medicines in different combinations,and to further elucidate the patterns of warming medicines in Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions and the mechanisms of the corresponding prescriptions.Methods: A combination of literature research and mathematical statistics was adopted.(1)Study of the ancient literature on the "warming method".Using the literature analysis method,the historical evolution of the "warming method" and the inheritance and application of the theory and application of the "warming method" by later generations of medical practitioners are sorted out on the basis of Chinese medical texts.(2)Research on the application of warming drugs in Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions.By collating all the prescriptions in Dunhuang medical formulae,establishing a database of Dunhuang ancient medical formulae,using statistical data mining and other methods,analyzing the frequency and frequency of the drugs involved,screening high-frequency drugs,and summarizing the high-frequency drugs whose nature is warm and hot,specifically subdividing them into pungent warm,pungent hot,bitter warm,sweet warm,salty warm and sour warm by their medicinal properties,and finally,for each of the more high-frequency warm nature(frequency ≥ 10)and accounting for the top 2 flavours Finally,a preliminary investigation was made into the relationship between the dose of each warm-heat medicine(frequency ≥ 10)and the first 2 flavours and the relationship between the dose and the main disease treated.(3)A study of the rules of combination of "warmth" in Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions.To explore the specific forms and combinations of warming drugs in different combinations,to further elucidate the patterns of warming drug combinations in ancient Dunhuang medical prescriptions and the mechanisms of the corresponding prescriptions,and to analyse their innovation.Result:(1)The evolution of the "warming method" has gone through four stages: the theoretical inception of the warming method → the indiscriminate application of the warming method → the development and prosperity of the warming method → the deepening and transformation of the warming method.This paper summarizes the origins of the "warming method" and provides a documentary basis for the study of the theory of "warming method" in ancient Dunhuang medical prescriptions.(2)Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions of warming drugs can be divided into pungent warming drugs,pungent warming drugs,sweet warming drugs,bitter warming drugs,sour warming drugs and salty warming drugs,with pungent warming drugs predominating,followed by pungent warming drugs,while sweet warming drugs,bitter warming drugs,sour warming drugs and salty warming drugs are less commonly used.Among the warming medicines in the Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions,those with a high frequency(frequency ≥10)and accounting for the top 2 flavours were cinnamon stick,ginger,dry ginger,Radix et Rhizoma,ginseng,angelica,almonds,spirulina,Schisandra and Chenpi.Among them,the dose of Gui Zhi ranges from 3.44 g to 68.75 g,with the most common dose being 41.25 g and the average dose being 29.64 g,which can treat 31 kinds of symptoms,of which the small dose(<20.63g)of Gui Zhi has the effects of warming the meridians,dispersing blood stasis,promoting the lung and opening the tone.A large dose of cinnamon twig(>41.25g)is effective in warming the middle and nourishing the deficient and removing filth and turbidity;the dose of ginger ranges from 13.75 g to 137.70 g,with the most common dose being 41.25 g and the average dose being 44.88 g,which can treat 16 kinds of symptoms;a small dose of ginger(<27.50g)is effective in regulating the spleen and stomach and stopping vomiting,while a medium dose of ginger(27.50-55.00g)is effective in treating the spleen and stomach.A small dose of ginger(<27.50g)can regulate the spleen and stomach and stop vomiting;a medium dose of ginger(27.50-55.00g)can harmonize the ying and yang health,dispel cold and warm the yang and disperse water;a large dose of ginger(>55.00g)can complement the ying and yang health,operate the divine mechanism,regulate the qi and fluid,and subdue retching;the dose of dried ginger ranges from 3.44 g to 68.75 g,with the most common dose being 41.25 g and the average dose being 33.36 g,and can treat 18 kinds of symptoms;a small dose of A small dose of dried ginger(<24.06g)can warm the lining and dispel cold,restrain coldness,remove sex and store it for use;a medium dose of dried ginger(24.06-41.25g)can warm the middle,relieve pain,help the heart and yang,warm the lung and dissolve drinks,and return yang to save rebellion;a large dose of dried ginger can warm and tonify(>41.25g);the dose range of Radix Aconiti is 6.88g-300 g,with the most common dose being 6.90 g and the average dose being 70.12 g.Small doses of Radix et Rhizoma(<27.50g)are effective in warming the middle and dispersing cold,returning yang to save the rebellion,warming yang and expelling drinks,warming the menstruation and dispersing cold to relieve pain;medium doses(27.50-41.40g)of Radix et Rhizoma are effective in warming the menstruation and supporting yang;large doses of Radix et Rhizoma(>41.40g)are effective in warming the kidney and dispersing cold;doses of Ginseng range from 6.88 g to 68.75 g,with the most common dose being 6.90 g,with an average dose of 70.12 g.Small doses of ginseng(<20.63g)are effective in strengthening the spleen,regulating the stomach,stopping palpitations and generating body fluid to quench thirst;medium doses of ginseng(20.63g-41.25g)are effective in warming the middle jiao,tonifying the vital energy,tonifying the spleen,benefiting the lung,and nourishing the heart to stop palpitations;large doses of ginseng(>41.25g)are effective in benefiting the qi and promoting the lung.41.25g)has the effect of benefiting Qi and nourishing Blood;Angelica doses range from 3.44 g to 55.00 g,with the most common dose being 27.50 g and the average dose being 27.31 g,which can treat13 kinds of symptoms;small doses of Angelica(< less than 20.63g)have the effect of moistening the bowels,nourishing Blood and invigorating Blood,while medium doses of Angelica(20.63g-41.25g)have the effect of curing all wind,nourishing Blood and invigorating Blood.A large dose of Angelica sinensis(>41.25g)has the effect of invigorating the Blood and promoting menstruation;the dose range of almond is 6.88 g to 341.58 g,with the most commonly used doses being 6.88 g and 41.25 g,with an average dose of 47.58 g,which can be used for 16 kinds of illnesses;a small dose of almond(<11.87g)has the effect of relieving cough and asthma,dispelling wind and relieving pain;a medium dose of Almond(11.87g～49.09g)is effective in whitening and cleansing the face,promoting hair growth and removing dandruff,promoting the lowering of lung Qi,resolving phlegm and relieving cough,large dose of Almond(>49.09g)is effective in inducing diuresis and subduing swelling,and large dose of Almond(≥110.00g)is effective in resolving phlegm and opening the orifice;the dose range of Almond is 10.31g～220.00 g,the most common dose is 41.25 g,with an average dose of 47.58 g.The dose range is from 10.31 g to 220.00 g,the most common dose is 41.25 g,with an average dose of 47.58 g,which can treat 7 kinds of symptoms.Small doses of Radix et Rhizoma(<13.75g)have the effect of clearing the upper jiao,medium doses of Radix et Rhizoma(13.75g-41.25g)have the effect of nourishing the heart qi,stopping vomiting,lowering qi,eliminating phlegm and relieving cough,and large doses of Radix et Rhizoma(≥220.00g)have the effect of prolonging life.The most commonly used dose is 41.25 g,with an average dose of 40.75 g,which can treat 8 kinds of symptoms.The medium dose of Schisandra(27.50g-41.25g)has the effects of generating fluid,relieving cough,tonifying the kidney,tranquilizing the heart and tranquilizing the mind,tonifying the liver and astringing the lung qi,while the large dose of Schisandra(>41.25g)has the effects of tonifying the lung organs and tending to deficiency;the dose of Cornus officinalis ranges from 13.75 g to110.00 g,the most common dose being 13.75 g,with an average dose of 44.38 g,treating 8types of symptoms.Small doses of Cornus officinalis(< <27.50g)are effective in tonifying the Liver and Blood,astringing the Liver-Qi,nourishing the Yin and tonifying the Kidney,and clearing deficiency heat;medium doses of Cornus officinalis(27.50g-68.75g)are effective in warming the Yang and dispersing cold,tonifying the Kidney and consolidating the essence,and tonifying the Liver and Kidney;large doses of Cornus officinalis(>68.75g)are effective in stopping palpitations.68.75g)is effective in relieving palpitations.(3)Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions "warm method" can be divided into warm and clear method,warm and lower method,warm and tonic method,warm and subtle method,warm and dispersed method,warm and beneficial method,warm and chemical method,warm and active method,warm and active method.Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions for warming drugs are made in different combinations of specific forms and combinations of drugs.The Wenzheng method selects Fructus Pseudostellariae-Huang Lian,Gan Jiang-Huang Lian,Gui Xin-Gypsum for specific analysis;the Wenzxia method selects Fructus Pseudostellariae-Da Huang,Gan Jiang-Da Huang,Gan Jiang-Ba Dou,Ba Dou-Da Huang for specific analysis;the Wenzhu method selects Fructus Pseudostellariae-Ginseng,Fructus Pseudostellariae-Bai Zhu,Fructus Pseudostellariae-Gan Jiang for specific analysis;the Wenzhi method selects Fructus Pseudostellariae-Magnetite for specific analysis;the Wenzan method selects Fructus Pseudostellariae-Hosin for specific analysis;the Wenzhi method The Wenzi method is based on the selection of Radix et Rhizoma Pseudostellariae and Poria;the Wenzi method is based on the selection of Radix et Rhizoma Pseudostellariae and Rhizoma Polygonati;the Wenzi method is based on the selection of Radix et Rhizoma Pseudostellariae and Rhizoma Chuanxiong;the Wenzi method is based on the selection of Guixin and Betel nut.The analysis showed that the combination of Radix et Rhizoma Pseudostellariae and Rhizoma Huanglian can help Yang to drain heat,open pungent and bitter to subdue;the combination of Radix et Rhizoma Ginger and Radix et Rhizoma Huanglian can remove cold accumulation,clear internal heat,open lumps and knots,harmonize the spleen and stomach,and stop dysentery;the combination of Radix et Rhizoma Pseudostellariae and Rhizoma Rhei can combine to warm Yang and drain turbidity;the combination of Radix Cinnamomum Cassiae and Rhizoma Pinelliae can warm and clear cold,clear internal heat,disperse superficial evil,disperse knotted Qi,and stop dryness and thirst;the combination of Radix et Rhizoma Pinelliae can lift and lower each other to dispel cold accumulation;and the combination of Radix et Rhizoma Ginger and Rhizoma Rhei The combination of Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng and Radix et Rhizoma Pseudostellariae can open up blockages,facilitate the passage of water and grain,diarrhea and attack stagnation,and expel blood stasis to clear the channels.It can stop dysentery,treat paralysis and pain,and benefit yin and water;it can disperse stagnant phlegm and drinks in the internal organs,meridians,exterior and interior,and up and down;it can warm yang and benefit qi,invigorate the blood and open the meridians;it can move stagnation and promote the flow of blood.It can move stagnation,promote diuresis,break down blood stasis and kill the three insects.Conclusion:(1)The warming method began in the Qin and Han dynasties,developed and flourished in the Jin,Tang,Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties,and was inherited and changed in the Ming and Qing dynasties and modern times.Warming is a treatment method that uses warming medicines or other methods to expel the actual evil(cold evidence)and restore the body’s original deficiency(yang deficiency evidence),aiming to eliminate the yin-cold evil that is trapped in the body,while enhancing or restoring the body’s physiological functions.It can be used to treat a wide range of diseases,involving many systems,such as lung diseases(cough,asthma,pulmonary fibrosis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,etc.),spleen and stomach diseases(chronic gastritis,liver cirrhosis,etc.),heart diseases(coronary heart disease),gynaecological and paediatric diseases.In addition,warmth has been used to treat rheumatism,rheumatoid rheumatism,gout,tumours,Parkinson’s,etc.with good results.(2)Dunhuang ancient medical prescriptions of warming drugs can be divided into pungent warming drugs,pungent warming drugs,sweet warming drugs,bitter warming drugs,sour warming drugs and salty warming drugs,with the majority of pungent warming drugs,followed by pungent warming drugs,while sweet warming drugs,bitter warming drugs,sour warming drugs and salty warming drugs are less frequently used,warming drugs of each warming nature are more frequent(frequency ≥ 10)and account for the first two flavours of drugs are cinnamon,ginger,dry ginger,Radix et Rhizoma,ginseng,angelica The dosage varies according to the disease and the efficacy varies with the dosage.(3)Dunhuang ancient medical formula "warm method" can be divided into warm and clear method,warm down method,warm and tonic method,warm and submerged method,warm and dispersed method,warm and profitable method,warm and chemical method,warm and active method,warm and active method.The specific forms and combinations of warming drugs in Dunhuang’s ancient medical formulae,such as Radix et Rhizoma-Huanglian,Radix Ginger-Huanglian,Radix Cinnamomum-Gypsum,Radix et Rhizoma-Rhubarb,Radix Ginger-Rhubarb,Radix Ginger-Croton,Croton-Rhubarb,Radix et Rhizoma-Ginseng,Radix et Rhizoma-Atractylodes Macrocephala,Radix et Rhizoma-Ginger,Radix et Rhizoma-Magnesia,etc.,are the basis of Dunhuang’s ancient medical formulae for the "warming method"."This is the root of the ancient medical formula of Dunhuang,which can better promote the transmission and development of the ancient medical formula of Dunhuang and provide some theoretical basis for clinical use. |
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